Unit 5.2

Question 1

Simple vs. Complex rhythms

Answer 1

Simple: beats tend to occur during tone onsets
- simpler and more patterned
Complex: harder to remember and reproduce

Ex. Povel & Essens (1985) - study done, recall image with dots and simple vs. complex diagram (tested on first test)

Question 2

Syncopation

Answer 2

occurs when event onset aligns with weak metrical accents and tend to be absent at strong accents
(pulse * syncopation * pulse * syncopation*)

Question 3

Entrainment

Answer 3

• processes when one rhythmic pattern achieves and maintains synchrony with another pattern
• neural rhythms in the brain synchronize with external rhythms

Question 4

Dynamic attending theory

Answer 4

suggests that predicting the timing of upcoming events helps us focus our attention to them
(recall image of strong & weak deviant, and the fact that our brains are surprised when a weak deviant is inserted when we just hear strong deviants for awhile)

Question 5

Neural processing of rhythm

Answer 5

• supplementary motor area (SMA) - motor planning
• premotor cortex - perceiving metrical rhythms
• basal ganglia - beat perception
• cerebellum - duration (absolute timing)

*activated even during passive learning

Question 6

Parkinson’s disease and RAS

Answer 6

RAS = rhythmic auditory stimulation
Freeze of gait: episodic absence of forward progression of the feet during walking

Study that when individuals listened to a song with a steady beat, they were able to time their steps to the beat and walk without assistance