Unit 8 - Vocab (Respiratory System) Flashcards
disease of the lungs characterized by recurring episodes of airway inflammation causing bronchospasms and increased mucus production
asthma
any lung disorder characterized by a long-term airway obstruction, making it difficult to breathe
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
chronic inflammation of the lungs characterized by an abnormal increase in the air spaces near the bronchioles; causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the lungs
emphysema
the process by which air is expelled from the lungs; exhalation
expiration
the additional amount of air that can be exhaled, or forced from the lungs, immediately after a normal exhalation
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
the process by which gas exchange occurs between the alveoli in the lungs and the pulmonary blood
external respiration
excessive ventilation that leads to abnormal expulsion of carbon dioxide
hyperventilation
condition of not having enough oxygen
hypoxia
a viral infection that affects the respiratory system; the flu
influenza
the process by which air flows into the lungs; inhalation
inspiration
the amount of air that can be inhaled immediately after a normal inhalation
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
the process of gas exchange between the tissues and arterial blood
internal respiration
an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation; caused by a virus, bacterium, fungus, or (in rare cases) parasites
pneumonia
the process of continuously moving air in and out of the lungs
pulmonary ventilation
the volume of air that never leaves the lungs, even after the most forceful expiration
residual volume (RV)
a phospholipid that reduces the surface tension in the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing
surfactant
the amount of air inhaled in a normal breath
tidal volume (TV)
clusters of lymphatic tissue in the pharynx that function as the first line of defense against infection
tonsils
a combination of the vital capacity plus the residual volume; IRV + TV + ERV + RV
total lung capacity (TLC)
the total amount of air that can be forcibly expired from the lungs after a maximum inspiration
vital capacity (VC)
