Unit 7 - CH. 11 Vocab (B) Flashcards
abnormal ballooning of a blood vessel, usually an artery, due to a weakness in the wall of the vessel
aneurysm
vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arteries
hardening of the arteries
atherosclerosis
condition in which the atria contract in an uncoordinated, rapid manner (rate above 350 bpm), causing the ventricles to contract irregularly
atrial fibrillation
a normal heart rhythm but with a rate below 60 bpm; a condition common among athletes
bradycardia
the events that occur during a single heartbeat
cardiac cycle
heart failure caused by infection and weakened of the myocardium, or heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
the period of relaxation in the heart when the chambers are filling with blood
diastole
extra or unusual sounds heard by a stethoscope during a heartbeat; may be harmless or indicative of a problem with one of the heart valves
heart murmurs
blood circulation through the liver, helping to regulate the levels of nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) in the blood
hepatic portal circulation
condition that occurs when the force of blood against the atrial wall remain elevated for an extended period of time; high blood pressure
hypertension
a lack of blood flow, usually due to the narrowing of a blood vessel
ischemia
tissue death that occurs in a segment of heart muscle from blockage of a coronary artery; heart attack
myocardial infarction
circulation of oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle, through the lungs, and returning to the left atrium with oxygen-rich blood
pulmonary circulation
circulation of oxygenated blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the circulatory system, from the left ventricle to the right atrium
systemic circulation
a period of contraction when the chambers are pumping blood out of the heart
systole
a normal heart rhythm but with a rate above 100 bpm
tachycardia
the outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mostly of fibrous connective tissue that supports and protects the vessel
tunica externa
the innermost layer of the blood vessel, composed of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells over a sheet of connective tissue; its smooth, frictionless surface allows blood to flow smoothly through the vessel
tunica intima
the thicker middle layer of the blood vessel that contains smooth muscle, elastic fibers, and collagen; its muscle cells are directed by the sympathetic nervous system to increase or decrease blood flow to tissues as needed
tunica media
narrowing of the blood vessels, which decreases blood flow
vasoconstriction
widening of the blood vessels, which increases blood flow
vasodilation
vessels that carry blood to the heart
veins
