Unit 8 - Vocab (Digestive System) Flashcards
the movement of food molecules from the small intestine into the blood
absorption
the amount of energy required to sustain a person’s metabolism for one day if he or she is at complete rest
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
a watery substance produced by the liver that contains bile salts, which help emulsify fats
bile
the breakdown of large food molecules into smaller molecules by enzymes; historically referred to as digestion
chemical breakdown
the mixture of food and digestive juice in the stomach and duodenum
chyme
condition characterized by difficulty in defecating
constipation
a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that usually affects the small intestine or colon
Crohn’s disease
the discharge of feces from the anus
defecation
the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements
diarrhea
development of inflammation in the diverticula
diverticulitis
the breakdown of large fat particles into much smaller particles, aided by bile
emulsification
the movement of chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux
a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of and damage to the liver
hepatitis
a condition in which the wall of the small and/or large intestine becomes chronically inflamed
inflammatory bowel disease
the intake of food and liquids via the mouth
ingestion
substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids that the body requires in relatively large quantities
macronutrients
the breakdown of food into smaller pieces, thus increasing its surface area
mechanical breakdown
vitamins and minerals that are essential to the body in small amounts
micronutrients
a break in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or lower esophagus
peptic ulcer
a wave of symmetrical squeezing of the digestive tract walls that occurs during digestion to move food along the GI tract
peristalsis
an inflammatory bowel disease that usually affects the colon and the mucosal layer of the intestinal wall
ulcerative colitis
