Unit 2 Vocab

Question 1

a nucleotide composed of an adenine base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups

Answer 1

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 2

a substance that dissolves in water into particles with positive and negative charges

Answer 2

Electrolytes

Question 3

proteins that speed up specific biological processes

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

the main form of sugar that circulates in the blood

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

a polymer of glucose found in animals; stored form of glucose

Answer 5

Glycogen

Question 6

a process that requires energy to move against a concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration

Answer 6

Active Transport

Question 7

hair-like projections that actively flex back and forth to move fluid or mucus across the outside of a cell

Answer 7

Cilia

Question 8

the movement of material from a place where it is concentrated to a place where it is less concentrated

Answer 8

Diffusion

Question 9

process in which a region of a cell membrane forms a pocket into the cell and then pinches off to form a membrane-bound sac, or vesicle, inside the cytoplasm

Answer 9

Endocytosis

Question 10

process in which a small, membrane-bound vesicle in the cytoplasm fuses with the cell’s membrane to export molecules that were inside the vesicle to the outside

Answer 10

Exocytosis

Question 11

the breakdown of a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules

Answer 11

Glycolysis

Question 12

finger-like extensions that increase the surface area of a cell

Answer 12

Microvilli

Question 13

a method of transport that does not require any energy

Answer 13

Passive Transport

Question 14

a gland that secretes its product into the interstitial space

Answer 14

Endocrine Gland

Question 15

a gland that secretes its product to the outside world

Answer 15

Exocrine Gland

Question 16

the study of tissues

Answer 16

Histology