unit 8 (revised)

Question 1

human mouth

Answer 1

beginning of digestive tract, mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 2

salivary gland

Answer 2

produces saliva which moistens food and is controlled by the nervous system

Question 3

human epiglottis

Answer 3

leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located behind the tongue, which seals the trachea to during eating so that food isn’t inhaled

Question 4

human esophagus

Answer 4

a muscular tube which uses peristalsis to move the bolus, liquids, and saliva from the mouth to the stomach; secretes mucus (approximately 20 cm long)

Question 5

human stomach

Answer 5

large muscular sac-like structure which continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food; and is responsible for storing ingested food, as well (makes mucus to protect it from the effects of acid)

Question 6

human duodenum

Answer 6

receives partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach and continues to chemically digest it in preparation for absorption in the small intestine (first part of small intestine where the majority of digestion occurs)

Question 7

human liver

Answer 7

produces bile AND a fluid that contains lipids and salts which is contained within the gallbladder, a small, pouch-like organ

- filters out toxins and some waste products from the blood
 - concentrated wastes, toxins, and digestive juices (enzymes and salts which aid in digestion within the duodenum)

Question 8

pancreas

Answer 8

Produces hormones to regulate blood sugar levels (literally amount of sugar in the bloodstream) by producing insulin
Produces digestive enzymes which are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, fats, and proteins
Produces base called sodium bicarbonate so that the pancreatic enzymes wouldn’t be destroyed by the stomach acids

Question 9

human appendix

Answer 9

saclike organ which produces cellulose in some mammals

	- perhaps vestigial organ
	- possibly plays role in immune system or “safe house” for bacteria

Question 10

human large intestine/colon

Answer 10

absorbs water from the remaining indigestible food matter (chyme) (doesn’t contain nutrients) and transmits the useless, solid material from the body (approximately 1.5 meters long)

Question 11

human rectum

Answer 11

small canal that holds and controls the expulsion of waste

Question 12

human pharynx

Answer 12

muscular walls which help swallowing and serves as a pathway for the movement of food from the mouth to the esophagus

Question 13

human small intestine

Answer 13

absorbs most of the nutrients from what we eat and drink; contains many villi which increase surface area, allowing for more efficient absorption

- digests carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
- approximately 7 meters long 
- villi are covered with microvilli which further increase the surface area for absorption

Question 14

human anus

Answer 14

opening at end of digestive tract where solid waste (stool/feces) is eliminated from the body

Question 15

accessory glands

Answer 15

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 16

human gallbladder

Answer 16

stores bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine (fatty diets cause gallstones)

Question 17

human urinary bladder

Answer 17

muscular sac in pelvis which stores urine, allowing for urination to be infrequent and voluntary

Question 18

human kidneys

Answer 18

remove waste products (excess water and metabolic waste) from the blood and regulate the water fluid levels; reside against the back muscles in the upper abdominal cavity

Question 19

human lungs

Answer 19

remove carbon dioxide buildup in blood as a result of cellular respiration

Question 20

human skin

Answer 20

contains sweat glands that remove fluid waste and excess salt

Question 21

human spleen

Answer 21

recycles old blood cells

Question 22

human ureter

Answer 22

tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 23

human urethra

Answer 23

tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 24

earthworm mouth

Answer 24

beginning of digestive tract, anterior end of earthworm

Question 25

earthworm pharynx

Answer 25

organ which pulls food/soil into the earthworm

Question 26

earthworm esophagus

Answer 26

tube which connects the pharynx to the crop

Question 27

earthworm crop

Answer 27

muscular pouch connected to esophagus which temporarily stores food

Question 28

earthworm gizzard

Answer 28

muscular organ which usually contains small stones which aid in the mechanical breakdown of foods

• digests food/soil
• releases digestive enzymes
• crushes food/soil

Question 29

earthworm intestine

Answer 29

long tube where absorption occurs, majority of earthworm

Question 30

earthworm anus

Answer 30

opening at end of digestive tract where solid waste (stool/feces) leaves the body