unit 8

Question 1

mechanical digestion

Answer 1

break down of large pieces of food

Question 2

chemical digestion

Answer 2

enzymes break food down into smaller molecules

Question 3

Alimentary canal

Answer 3

one-way tube within the body

Question 4

mouth

Answer 4

mechanical digestion first due to chewing & then chemical digestion as enzymes in saliva break down food more

Question 5

salivary gland

Answer 5

produces saliva which moistens food and is controlled by the nervous system

Question 6

amylase

Answer 6

enzyme within saliva which breaks chemical bonds in starches, producing sugars/disaccharides

Question 7

lysozyme

Answer 7

enzyme within saliva which fights infection by digesting the cell walls of bacteria

Question 8

bolus

Answer 8

semi-digested clump of food

Question 9

epiglottis

Answer 9

flap of skin which closes the opening to the trachea to prevent food entering the lungs as it passes from the pharynx into the esophagus

Question 10

Esophagus

Answer 10

a tube through which bolus passes through

Question 11

peristalsis

Answer 11

the contraction of muscles to provide force which moves bolus through the esophagus and into the stomach

Question 12

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 12

thick ring of muscle which closes the esophagus so as to prevent stomach acid from flowing back (causes heartburn)

Question 13

stomach

Answer 13

large muscular sac-like structure which continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

Question 14

pepsin

Answer 14

breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides

Question 15

mucus

Answer 15

fluid which lubricates and protects the stomach wall

Question 16

chyme

Answer 16

a mixture which is produced due to even further breakdown of bolus within the stomach

Question 17

allows for chyme to be transported to the small intestine

Answer 17

allows for chyme to be transported to the small intestine

Question 18

Duodenum

Answer 18

first part of small intestine and is where the majority of digestive enzymes enter the intestine.

Question 19

Appendix

Answer 19

saclike organ which produces cellulose in some mammals

Question 20

Large intestine/colon

Answer 20

removes and absorbs water from undigested materials and is greater in diameter than small intestine

Question 21

Excretion

Answer 21

waste eliminated in order to maintain homeostasis within an organism

Question 22

skin

Answer 22

excretes by releasing excess water and salt in sweat

Question 23

lungs

Answer 23

excretes via exhalation of carbon dioxide and a minimal amount of water vapor

Question 24

liver

Answer 24

converts toxic and potentially dangerous waste into less toxic urea (urea then is transported to kidneys for excretion via blood

Question 25

kidneys

Answer 25

fist-sized organs which are located on either side of the lower back, excrete excess water and metabolic waste through the production of urine (urine is transported from kidneys to urinary bladder via ureters where it’s stored until excretion through the urethra)

Question 26

nephrons

Answer 26

filter out impurities, purify blood which will return circulation system, collects wastes

Question 27

Glomerulus

Answer 27

small and dense network of capillaries which is encompassed within bowman’s capsule