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unit 7 review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

superior

A

towards the head

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2
Q

inferior

A

away from the head

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3
Q

medial

A

towards the center, midline (right)

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4
Q

lateral

A

away from the center/middle (left)

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5
Q

proximal

A

closer to the core body

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6
Q

closed system

A

hemolymph always contained in blood vessel or chamber

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7
Q

hemolymph

A

blood

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8
Q

ventral

A

near stomach

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9
Q

superficial

A

usually to the skin (outside of body)

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10
Q

deep

A

inside of body

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11
Q

distal

A

further away from body

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12
Q

anterial

A

facing front

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13
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

facing back

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14
Q

sternum

A

ventral/anterial

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15
Q

eye socket

A

medial/proximal to jaw

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16
Q

heart

A

medial/proximal to left lung

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17
Q

circulatory system`

A

transports five substances throughout organism

carbon dioxide, o2, nutrients, cellular waste, nutrients, water

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18
Q

oxygen/o2

A

enters lungs to blood vessel exits circulatory system via cell that needs o2 for cell respiration (diffusion)

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19
Q

co2/carbon dioxide

A

enters cell to blood vessel exits circulatory system to lungs

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20
Q

nutrients (macromolecules)

A

enter small intestine to blood vessel exits circulatory system to cells/cell waste/enters kidneys

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21
Q

water

A

enters via large intestine/skin (superficial cells) to blood vessel exits circulatory system by cells, interstitial fluid (imbetween cells), kidneys, skin

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22
Q

solid waste

A

digestive system

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23
Q

cellular waste

A

in circulatory and excretory system

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24
Q

respiratory system

A

exchange gases between the body and the environment (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

25
Q

how does oxygen enter into lungs?

A

nasal cavity or mouth, then goes past pharynx to larynx

26
Q

larynx

A

houses vocal cords and manipulates pitch and volume

27
Q

alveoli

A

sac-like structures surrounded by capillaries through which gas exchange occurs

28
Q

earthworm circulatory system

A

transports co2 and o2 through skin

29
Q

dorsal blood vessel

A

(back, dark) carries blood along the dorsal side of the earthworm

30
Q

ventral blood vessel

A

(light) carries blood along the ventral side of the earthworm (away from aortic arches)

31
Q

aortic arches

A

pumps blood from the dorsal blood vessel to the ventral blood vessel

32
Q

capillaries

A

transport 5 substances to all cells of body

33
Q

mouth

A

opening of respiratory system

34
Q

nasal cavity

A

opening of respiratory system; contains cilia in order to expel mucus

35
Q

pharynx

A

warms, moistens, and filters air before it moves into the trachea

36
Q

larynx

A

houses vocal cords and manipulates pitch and value

37
Q

trachea

A

tube with cartilaginous rings that allows gases to move between mouth and bronchi

38
Q

bronchi

A

branching tubes with cartilage that allow gases to move between the trachea and the bronchioles

39
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branching tubes that allow gases to move between the bronchi and alveoli

40
Q

diaphragm

A

dome-shaped sheet of muscle that contracts to allow negative pressure breathing

41
Q

lungs

A

large spongy organ that allows for gas exchange, contains bronchi, alveoli, and bronchioles

42
Q

steps of circulatory system

A

Superior/inferior vena cava-> right atrium -> (valve)-> right ventricle->(pulmonary valve)-> pulmonary artery->(pulmonary arterial, capillaries, veins, etc.)lungs->pulmonary vein->Left atrium ->Left ventricle ->Aorta ->rest of body

43
Q

Superior vena cava

A

vessel which carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the superior portion of mammalian bodies

44
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

vessel which carries oxygenated blood to the heart from the inferior portion of mammalian bodies

45
Q

right atrium

A

collects deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava

46
Q

right ventricle

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps the blood to the pulmonary artery

47
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood to lungs

48
Q

pulmonary veins

A

carry oxygenated blood to atriums
(right carries blood from right lung to left atrium)
(left carries blood from left lung to left atrium)

49
Q

Left atrium

A

accepts oxygenated blood from lungs

50
Q

Ambulacral groove

A

groove along center of each ray

51
Q

Tube feet

A

small, soft structures protruding from lining and sides of ambulacral grooves

52
Q

Madreporite

A

yellow/red structure on central disc, opening where water enters water vascular system

53
Q

rays

A

large “arms”, usually five

54
Q

Ampullae

A

circular, bulb like structures which are extensions of tube feet, located on edge of ambulacral groove

55
Q

what makes an organism an animal

A

One part of cycle they move, alive, sexual reproduction multicellular heterotrophic, eukaryotic, cells without walls

56
Q

How has evolution shaped the diversity of organisms?

A

certain species evolve and pass down genes, some go extinct due to natural selection

57
Q

steps of water vascular system

A

madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canals, ampulla, tube feet

58
Q

given that the water vascular system of the sea star functions similarly to a typical circulatory system, list the substances you hypothesize are transported by the water vascular system.

A

disolved nutrients, waste products, and respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

59
Q

what additional function does the water vascular system have?

A

the water vascular system uses hydraulic pressure to move its individual tube feet, resulting in locomotion.

bio (13 decks)

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