unit 12

Question 1

Genotype (genes)

Answer 1

which specific alleles (what version of a gene) are inherited by the individual offspring

Question 2

Gregor Mendel

Answer 2

Father of Genetics, Austrian monk and scientist, explored why offspring don’t always look like their parents/ why they usually look like their parents, examined inheritance/heredity

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Question 4

trait

Answer 4

a specific characteristic of an individual organism

Question 5

law of segregation

Answer 5

when gametes are made, alleles separate from one another so the egg or sperm only has one allele for each gene

Question 6

law of independent assortment

Answer 6

genes separate independently from other genes when gametes are formed (the law of independent assortment is why we foil things, also occurs during meiosis)

Question 7

polygenic traits

Answer 7

• multiple genes which determine/code for a trait
• two or more genes ergo at least four alleles
• one phenotype
• will have range of phenotypes ex:
  - skin color, human height, bell shaped curve

Question 8

what seven different traits did Gregor Mendel examine?

Answer 8

stem length (tall or short) pea color (yellow and green), flower color (purple or white), pea shape (round or wrinkled), and pod shape (inflated or constricted), flower position (where the flower is on the plant, axial, terminal), pod color (green or yellow)

Question 9

phenotype

Answer 9

the physical attributes of the organism which are represented by the genotype and the expression of the alleles

Question 10

law of dominance

Answer 10

some alleles are dominant (use uppercase) and other alleles are recessive

• an organism with one dominant allele will have the dominant phenotype, individuals with two recessive alleles will have the recessive phenotype
  
  • ex: AA or Aa have dominant phenotype, aa has recessive phenotype

**Eye, hair color, nail length, not inherited this way