Unit 8 Quiz

Question 1

A ______ is a type of token economy in which participants can move up (and sometimes down) a hierarchy of levels contingent on meeting specific performance criteria with respect to the target behaviors.

Answer 1

Level system

Question 2

A description of the task should include which of the following when writing a contingency contract?

Answer 2

A description of when the task should be performed.

Question 3

A group contingency is useful when:

Answer 3

A practitioner wishes to change a large number of disruptive behaviors.

Question 4

A method for withdrawing a token system is:

Answer 4

All the above:

a. Gradually increase the number of responses required to earn a token.
b. Gradually decrease the length of time the token economy is in effect.
c. Gradually make more of the activities and privileges used as backup items be those found in the untrained setting.
d. Increase the price of desirable items and keep the price of undesirable items low.
e. Gradually move from concrete tokens (such as poker chips) to something less visible (such as a point card the learner carries with him or her.

Question 5

A parent says to his children: “For anyone who earns all As on their report card, I will pay you $50 at the end of the semester.” What type of group contingency is this?

Answer 5

Independent group contingency

Question 6

A teacher says: “Everyone, you have math homework tonight. Tomorrow, I will draw a name from a hat. If that person has completed his or her homework and remembered to bring it back to school, everyone will get extra recess.” What type of group contingency is this?

Answer 6

Dependent group contingency

Question 7

A teacher uses a group contingency with her students. She states the following rule: “If everyone gets 100% on their spelling test this week, I will turn cartwheels down the hall for you.” What type of group contingency is this?

Answer 7

Interdependent group contingency

Question 8

Advantages of self-management include:

Answer 8

A and D:
Promoting the generalization and maintenance of behavior change, a small repertoire of self-management skills can control many behaviors

Question 9

An interdependent group contingency is most useful if:

Answer 9

One wants to change everyone’s performance

Question 10

Group contingencies can:

Answer 10

All the above:

a. Lighten the workload for the practitioner
b. Save time
c. Create problems with learners

Question 11

In a token economy, the tokens:

Answer 11

Are generalized, conditioned reinforcers that are exchanged for backup reinforcers

Question 12

In reference to self-control and self-management, Cooper, Heron, and Heward (2002) prefer to use one term over the other, although they appear to be interchangeable in the literature. Which term do Cooper, Heron, and Heward (2002) prefer?

Answer 12

Self-management

Question 13

Mrs. Smith implemented a procedure where she exclaimed that if any student scored over 90% on the test, they would get an extra 30 minutes of recess. Which group contingency is this?

Answer 13

Dependent group contingency

Question 14

Recommendations for self-administered consequences include:

Answer 14

All the above:

a. Keep it simple.
b. Select small, easy-to-deliver consequences.
c. Set a meaningful, but easy-to-meet criterion for reinforcement.

Question 15

Self-administered consequences that increase behavior include:

Answer 15

A and C:

Self-management analogs of positive reinforcement, self-management analogs of negative reinforcement

Question 16

Self-generated verbal responses, covert or overt, that functions as response prompts for a desire behavior is referred to as:

Answer 16

Self-instruction

Question 17

Self-management is best defined as the:

Answer 17

Personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in behavior.

Question 18

Suggestions for making self-monitoring effective include:

Answer 18

All the above:

a. Self-monitor the most important dimension of the behavior.
b. Self-monitor only one aspect of the target behavior.
c. Self-monitor only when necessary.

Question 19

The primary reason one might consider using a level system with a token system is that:

Answer 19

Doing so can foster self-management

Question 20

The success of contingency contracts is probably due to:

Answer 20

All of these factor into the success of contingency contracts:

a. Positive reinforcement that results from the rewards provided.
b. Rule-governed behavior.
c. Response prompting.

Question 21

What are the three main parts of most contracts?

Answer 21

A description of the task, a description of the reward, and the task record

Question 22

When implementing a token economy, what consideration should be made in determining the ratio of exchange?

Answer 22

The initial ratio between the number of tokens earned and the price of backup items should be small.

Question 23

When setting up a token economy:

Answer 23

One must be certain that the learners possess the prerequisite skills for any target behaviors.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a part of a contingency contract?

Answer 24

A description of when tokens will be exchanged for backup reinforcers