Unit 6

Question 1

The condition or phase in which no treatment is implemented.

Answer 1

Baseline

Question 2

A term sometimes used to refer to the experimental reasoning inherent in single-subject experimental designs that entails three elements: prediction, verification, and replication.

Answer 2

Baseline logic

Question 3

A schedule of reinforcement for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that serves as a desirable alternative to the behavior targeted for reduction, and withheld following instances of the problem behavior.

Answer 3

Differential reinforcement of diminishing rate

Question 4

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval, contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being greater than a gradually increasing criterion based on the individual’s performance in previous intervals.

Answer 4

DRH

Question 5

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement (a) follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time (IRT), or (b) is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion.

Answer 5

DRL

Question 6

A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during or at specific times.

Answer 6

DRO

Question 7

An experimental technique for demonstrating the effects of reinforcement by using differential reinforcement of other behavior as a control condition instead of a no-reinforcement (baseline) condition.

Answer 7

DRO reversal technique

Question 8

A DRO procedure in which reinforcement is available at the end of intervals of fixed duration and delivered contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during each interval.

Answer 8

Fixed-interval DRO

Question 9

A DRO procedure in which reinforcement is available at specific moments of time, which are separated by a fixed amount of time, and delivered contingent on the problem behavior not occurring at those moments.

Answer 9

Fixed-momentary DRO

Question 10

A procedure for implementing DRL in which reinforcement is delivered at the end of the session if the total number of responses emitted during the session does not exceed a criterion limit.

Answer 10

Full-session DRL

Question 11

A procedure for implementing DRL in which reinforcement is delivered at the end of the session if the total number of responses emitted during the session does not exceed a criterion limit.

Answer 11

Full-session DRO

Question 12

A visual representation of the occurrence of behavior over time.

Answer 12

Graph

Question 13

Occurs when two observers independently observe and record a person’s behavior at the same time and agree on the occurrence of the behavior.

Answer 13

Interobserver agreement

Question 14

A procedure for implementing DRL in which the total session is divided into equal intervals and reinforcement is provided at the end of each interval in which the number of responses during the interval is equal to or below a criterion limit.

Answer 14

Interval DRL

Question 15

The value on the vertical axis around which a series of behavioral measures converge.

Answer 15

Level

Question 16

An experimental control technique that demonstrates the effects of reinforcement by using noncontingent reinforcement as a control condition instead of a no-reinforcement (baseline) condition.

Answer 16

NCR reversal technique

Question 17

A procedure in which stimuli with known reinforcing properties are presented on fixed-time or variable-time schedules completely independent of behavior.

Answer 17

NCR

Question 18

This is a category of research designs that use a form of experimental reasoning called baseline logic to demonstrate the effect of the independent variable on the behavior of individual subjects.

Answer 18

Single-subject design

Question 19

Refers to the extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important and significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced.

Answer 19

Social validity

Question 20

A procedure for implementing DRL in which reinforcement follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time (IRT).

Answer 20

Spaced-responding DRL

Question 21

Data that shows no evidence of an upward or downward trend.

Answer 21

Stable baseline

Question 22

The overall direction taken by a data path.

Answer 22

Trend

Question 23

A DRO procedure in which reinforcement is available at the end of intervals of variable duration and delivered contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during the interval.

Answer 23

Variable-interval DRO

Question 24

A DRO procedure in which reinforcement is available at specific moments of time, which are separated by variable amounts of time in random sequence, and delivered if the problem is not occurring at those times.

Answer 24

Variable-momentary DRO