Unit 3

Question 1

A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes all but the last behavior in a chain, which is performed by the learner, who then receives reinforcement for completing the chain.

Answer 1

Backward chaining

Question 2

A backward chaining procedure in which some steps in the task analysis are skipped. It is used to increase the efficiency of teaching long behavior chains when there is evidence that the skipped steps are in the learner’s repertoire.

Answer 2

Backward chaining with leap-aheads

Question 3

A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain.

Answer 3

Behavior chain

Question 4

An intervention that relies on the participant’s skill in performing the critical elements of a chain independently; the chain is interrupted occasionally so that another behavior can be emitted.

Answer 4

Behavior chain interruption strategy

Question 5

A contingency that specifies a time interval by which a behavior chain must be completed for reinforcement to be delivered.

Answer 5

Behavior chain with limited hold

Question 6

A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered.

Answer 6

Chained schedule

Question 7

Various procedures for teaching behavior chains.

Answer 7

Chaining

Question 8

Procedures used to teach a person to engage in a chain of behaviors.

Answer 8

Chaining procedures

Question 9

A situation that occurs when the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response or response product (a) share the same sense mode (that is, both stimulus and response are visual, auditory, or tactile) and (b) physically resemble each other.

Answer 9

Formal similarity

Question 10

A method for teaching behavior chains that begins with the learner being prompted and taught to perform the first behavior in the task analysis.

Answer 10

Forward chaining

Question 11

A behavior controlled by any physical movement that serves as a novel model excluding vocal-verbal behavior, has formal similarity with the model, and immediately follows the occurrence of the model.

Answer 11

Imitation

Question 12

A relation between the stimulus and response or response product that occurs when the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal stimulus matches the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal response.

Answer 12

Point-to-point correspondence

Question 13

Using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior.

Answer 13

Shaping

Question 14

The sequence of new response classes that emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement. Each successive response class is closer in form to the terminal behavior than the response class it replaces.

Answer 14

Successive approximation

Question 15

The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units; this term also refers to the results of this process.

Answer 15

Task analysis

Question 16

The end product of shaping.

Answer 16

Terminal behavior

Question 17

A variation of forward chaining in which the learner receives training on each behavior in the chain during each session.

Answer 17

Task-task chaining

Question 18

A written list of each discriminative stimulus and response in a chain of behaviors.

Answer 18

Written task analysis