Unit 8 - Motivation, Emotion, & Stress

Question 1

finding the right level of stimulation
- explains an infants urge to explore

Answer 1

arousal theory

Question 2

an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need

Answer 2

drive

Question 3

goal of drive reduction
- the body’s tendency to maintain a constant internal state

Answer 3

homeostasis

Question 4

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 4

incentive

Question 5

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
ex. mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace

Answer 5

instinct

Question 6

physiological - safety - belongingness and love - esteem - self fulfillment

Answer 6

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 7

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Answer 7

motivation

Question 8

a physiological state that usually stiggers motivational arousal

Answer 8

need

Question 9

do rats whose stomachs are removed continue to eat regularly

Answer 9

yes - because of external reasons

Question 10

how will an increase in insulin affect blood sugar and hunger

Answer 10

it lowers blood glucose and triggers hunger

Question 11

the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time

relevant to understanding hunger

Answer 11

set point

Question 12

where in the brain are hunger controls located

Answer 12

hypothalamus

Question 13

excitement - plateau - orgasm - resolution

refractory period - part of the resolution phase

Answer 13

sexual response cycle

Question 14

the experience of an emotion occurs simultaneously with physiological arousal

Answer 14

cannon-bard theory

Question 15

suggests that you would not experience intense anger unless you were first aware of your racing heart or other symptoms of physiological arousal

Answer 15

james-lange theory

Question 16

the schachter-singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Answer 16

two-factor theory of emotion

Question 17

our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result from the routing of sensory input through the thalamus directly to what brain part?

Answer 17

amygdala

Question 18

adrenaline and noradrenaline are also referred to as what?

Answer 18

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 19

easy, well learned skills

Answer 19

high arousal

Question 20

complex, difficult skills

Answer 20

low arousal

Question 21

what is best when physiological arousal is moderate

Answer 21

task performance

Question 22

calms body down

slows heart rate - accelerates digestion

Answer 22

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 23

arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in emotionally stressful situations

increases heart rate and decreases digestion

Answer 23

sympathetic nervous system

Question 24

problems with a polygraph?

Answer 24

it is not always accurate because our physiological arousal is much the same from one emotion to another

Question 25

people are especially good at quickly detecting which facial expression

Answer 25

anger

Question 26

what is the most universal way of expressing emotion

Answer 26

facial expressions

Question 27

subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness

Answer 27

health psychology

Question 28

Hans selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three stages

alarm reaction - resistance - exhaustion

Answer 28

general adaptation syndrome

Question 29

the process by which we perceived and respond to environmental threats and challenges

Answer 29

stress

Question 30

threat

Answer 30

stressor

Question 31

response

Answer 31

stress reaction

ex. rush hour traffic - upset stomach

Question 32

ender stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from other (befriend)

Answer 32

tend and befriend response

Question 33

the study of how psychological, neutral, and endocrine processes combine to affect our immune system and health

Answer 33

psychoneuroimmunology

Question 34

a stress-related physical illness such as hypertension

Answer 34

psychophysiological illness

Question 35

the closing of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle

Answer 35

coronary heart disease

Question 36

competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone

Answer 36

type A personality

Question 37

easygoing, relaxed

Answer 37

type B personality