Unit 8 - Motivation, Emotion, & Stress Flashcards
finding the right level of stimulation
- explains an infants urge to explore
arousal theory
an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need
drive
goal of drive reduction
- the body’s tendency to maintain a constant internal state
homeostasis
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
incentive
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
ex. mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace
instinct
physiological - safety - belongingness and love - esteem - self fulfillment
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
motivation
a physiological state that usually stiggers motivational arousal
need
do rats whose stomachs are removed continue to eat regularly
yes - because of external reasons
how will an increase in insulin affect blood sugar and hunger
it lowers blood glucose and triggers hunger
the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time
relevant to understanding hunger
set point
where in the brain are hunger controls located
hypothalamus
the experience of an emotion occurs simultaneously with physiological arousal
cannon-bard theory
suggests that you would not experience intense anger unless you were first aware of your racing heart or other symptoms of physiological arousal
james-lange theory
the schachter-singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
two-factor theory of emotion
our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result from the routing of sensory input through the thalamus directly to what brain part?
amygdala
adrenaline and noradrenaline are also referred to as what?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
easy, well learned skills
high arousal
complex, difficult skills
low arousal
what is best when physiological arousal is moderate
task performance
calms body down
slows heart rate - accelerates digestion
parasympathetic nervous system
arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in emotionally stressful situations
increases heart rate and decreases digestion
sympathetic nervous system
problems with a polygraph?
it is not always accurate because our physiological arousal is much the same from one emotion to another
people are especially good at quickly detecting which facial expression
anger
what is the most universal way of expressing emotion
facial expressions
subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness
health psychology
Hans selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three stages
alarm reaction - resistance - exhaustion
general adaptation syndrome
the process by which we perceived and respond to environmental threats and challenges
stress
threat
stressor
response
stress reaction
ex. rush hour traffic - upset stomach
ender stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from other (befriend)
tend and befriend response
the study of how psychological, neutral, and endocrine processes combine to affect our immune system and health
psychoneuroimmunology
a stress-related physical illness such as hypertension
psychophysiological illness
the closing of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle
coronary heart disease
competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone
type A personality
easygoing, relaxed
type B personality
