Unit 10 - Personality Flashcards
an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
- struggle between impulse and restraint
personality
method designed to explore the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
free association
Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
- Freud’s treatment techniques
psychoanalysis
according to freud, the thought, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are largely unaware
unconscious
forgotten memories that we can easily recall
preconscious
the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conscious anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
repression
according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream
manifest content
operates on the pleasure principle
id
reality principle
ego
according to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards
superego
Freud’s psychosexual stages
- oral
- anal
- phallic
- latency
- genital
coping with anxiety by retreating to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier, more infantile stage of development
regression
refers to the process by which people disguise unacceptable, unconscious impulses by attributing them to others
projection
shifting sexual or aggressive impulse toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
displacement
defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even perceive painful realities
denial
refers to the process by which people consciously express feeling that are the opposite of unacceptable unconscious reasons for action
reaction formation
the transformation of unacceptable impulses into socially values motivations
sublimation
according to Carl Jung, a shared reservoir of memory traces from our species history
collective unconscious
tests that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics
projective tests
a project test in which people express their inner feeling and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
thematic apperception test
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and our behaviors
false consensus effect
emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization
humanistic perspective
which theorist emphasized that an individuals personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathetic
Carl rogers
a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
triat
a statistical procedure that allows researchers to identify clusters of correlated test items
factor analysis
personality inventory that utilizes only those items that have been shown to differentiate particular groups of people
empirically derived
the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests
- originally developed to identify emotional disorders; now used for many other screening purposes
MMPI (minnesota multiphasic personality inventory)
the tendency to accept favorable descriptions of ones personally that could really be applied to almost anyone
Barnum effect
refers to the five basic trait dimensions
(CANOE)
conscientiousness
agreeableness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
emphasizes the interactive influence of our traits and our situations
social-cognitive perspective
in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions
self
overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance
spotlight effect
refers to our feeling of high or low self-worth
self-esteem
the tendency to accept more personal responsibility for ones successes then for ones failures
self-serving bias
