Unit 12 - Abnormal Behavior Flashcards
what criteria is used by psychologists/psychiatrists to label behavior as a disorder
- atypical (deviate from the norm or typical)
- distress
- dysfunction (maladaptive behavior-inhibits a persons ability to adjust to a situation)
ADHD symptoms
- extreme inattention
- hyperactivity
- impulsivity
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured often through treatment in a hospital
- find the biological problem so you know what is causing the disorder
medical model
reasons for using the DSM 5
- classifies disorders
- helps people understand the disorder
- provides reliability (consistent results)
illustrated the negative effects of once we label someone with a disorder, we view them differently
David rosenhan’s research on diagnostic labels
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minute-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, chocking or other frightening sensations, often follows by worry over a possible next attack
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation
phobia
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic
- being in a place where we don’t think we have control
agoraphobia
offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person
obsessions
repetitive behaviors/actions
compulsions
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions
obsessive-compulsive disorder
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience
- these people are always on edge (hypervigilance)
post-traumatic stress disorder
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crisis
post-traumatic growth
when we take stimuli and group them all together; learning process in which a person associates multiple stimuli
- ex. one time you were attacked by a dog and now you fear all dogs
stimulus generalization
how would the learning perspective explain phobias/fears
compulsions behaviors are reinforced by anxiety (operant conditioning)
stimulus generalization (classical conditioning)
observational learning
a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with 5 or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure
major depressive disorder
one of which two symptoms must be present in order to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder
- depressed mood
- loss of interest or pleasure
a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
- formerly called manic-depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
mania
low levels of norepinephrine and serotonin are associated with what disorder
depression
three characteristic thinking styles for pessimism/depression
- stable
- global
- internal explanations
a psychological disorders characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression
schizophrenia
false beliefs; often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
deluisons
false sensory experience, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
hallucinations
motionless stupor sometimes followed by agitated movement
catatonia
what are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia
hallucinations, disorganized speech, inappropriate emotions
what are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia
toneless voice, expressionless, fave, mute and rigid body
what do positive symptoms do
add an abnormal behavior
what do negative symptoms do
remove appropriate behavior
is chronic/process schizophrenia slow or fast developing
slow
is acute/reactive schizophrenia slow or fast developing
rapid onset
follows life stresses, positive symptoms so recovery is much more likely, something happened that caused symptoms to start showing up, rapid onset
acute/reactive schizophrenia
display negative symptoms, recovery is unlikely, the development of the disorder has been developing slowly over time
chronic/process schizophrenia
schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for which neurotransmitter
dopamine
a psychological disorders in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
- there is a physical problem/symptom but if you go to the doctor they aren’t able to fund a physical cause
- psychological stress causing physical problems
somatic symptom disorder
a disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
- also called functional neurological symptoms disorder
conversion disorder
a disorder in which a person misinterprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
- someone that takes normal sensations and turns them into a disease or disorder; the internet makes this worse
illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
- we do this every day
- daydreaming
dissociative disorders
an eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvations diet despite being significantly under weight
- 15% or more underweight
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating with purging (vomiting), excessive exercise, or fasting
bulimia nervosa
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
- there all the time; not situational
personality disorder
what are the three clusters of personality disorders
eccentric, dramatic or impulsive, and anxiety
what is cluster A
eccentric or odd behavior
what is cluster B
dramatic or impulsive behavior
what is cluster C
anxiety
disorder in which someone is preoccupied with ones own self-importance
- self-focused and self-inflating
narcissistic personality disorder
limited range of emotions in social interactions and fear close relationships
- characterized by a detachment from social relationships
schizoid personality disorder
overly emotional and attention getting behaviors
histrionic personality disorder
a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
antisocial personality disorder
