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Anatomy & Physiology > Unit 8: Introduction to the Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Unit 8: Introduction to the Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of blood? (5)

A
  • transport of dissolved substances
  • regulation of pH & ions
  • blood clotting
  • immune defense
  • temp regulation
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of blood? (3)

A
  • 38°C (100.4°F)
  • High viscosity
  • pH 7.35-7.45
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3
Q

What percentage of body weight is blood?

A

7%

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4
Q

How many liters of blood does an adult male have?

A

5-6 L

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5
Q

How many liters of blood does an adult female have?

A

4-5 L

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6
Q

What is in plasma? (4)

A
  • water
  • proteins
  • nutrients
  • hormones
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7
Q

What is in the buffy coat? (2)

A
  • white blood cells
  • platelets
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8
Q

What is in the hematocrit?

A

red blood cells

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8
Q

What are the blood elements? (8)

A
  • Erythrocytes
  • Thrombocytes
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Plasma
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9
Q

RBCs (2)

A
  • erythrocytes
  • transport O2 and CO2
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10
Q

WBCs (2)

A
  • leukocytes
  • immune defense
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11
Q

Platelets

A

cytoplasm packets involved in clotting

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12
Q

What is the percent composition of plasma? (3)

A
  • 92% Water
  • 7% Proteins
  • 1% Other Solutes
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13
Q

Leukocytes (WBCs) (4)

A
  • Defend the body against pathogens & abnormal/damaged cells
  • High WBC count (leukocytosis) often indicates leukemia – cancer of blood-forming tissues
  • Most WBCs are in CT proper & lymphoid organs
  • Small numbers in blood
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14
Q

What are the types of leukocytes (5)

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Monocyte
  • Lymphocyte
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15
Q

Neutrophils (4)

A
  • (50-70%)
  • phagocytes
  • release chemicals that attract other neutrophils (positive chemotaxis)
  • dead neutrophils, debris, & waste form pus
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16
Q

Eosinophils (4)

A
  • (2-4%)
  • Phagocytic
  • release toxic compounds
  • sensitive to allergens & parasites
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17
Q

Basophils (4)

A
  • (< 1%)
  • releases Histamine – ↑’s inflammation, positive chemotaxis
  • releases Heparin - prevents blood clotting
  • not phagocytic
18
Q

Monocytes (3)

A
  • (2-8%)
  • Enter peripheral tissues & become macrophages
  • Positive chemotaxis of phagocytes & fibroblasts
19
Q

Lymphocytes (5)

A
  • (20-30%)
  • Secrete ABs
  • Migrate in & out of blood
  • Not phagocytic
  • Include T cells, B cells, & Natural Killer Cells
20
Q

Antigen

A

induce an immune response in the body

21
Q

Antibody

A

blood protein produced to counteract a specific antigen

22
Q

Agglutination

A

clumping of particles in response to an antigen-antibody reaction

23
Q

What are the red blood cell types? (4)

A
  • A
  • B
  • AB
  • O
24
Q

What are the antibodies in plasma? (2)

A
  • Anti-A
  • Anti-B
25
Q

What are the antigens in red blood cells? (2)

A
  • A antigens
  • B antigens
26
Q

What does rH determine?

A

whether the blood is positive or negative

27
Q

What is the universal donor blood type?

A

O-

28
Q

What is the universal acceptor blood type?

A

AB

29
Q

On average, how many pints of blood does an adult have?

A

10-12 pints

30
Q

How long does blood last?

A

42 days

31
Q

How long do platelets last?

A

5 days

32
Q

How often can a donor give?

A

every 56 days

33
Q

What is a blood disorder?

A

any condition that impacts one or more parts of the blood

34
Q

What is the name of a disorder that involves white blood cells?

A

leukopenia

35
Q

What is the name of a disorder that involves red blood cells?

A

anemia

36
Q

What is the name of the classification a disorder that involves platelets?

A

thrombocytopenia

37
Q

What are the categories of blood disorders that increase blood components called? (3)

A

-erythrocytosis
- leukocytosis
- thrombocythemia/thrombocytosis

38
Q

Which white blood cells do white blood cell disorders effect? (2)

A
  • all of them
    OR
  • neutrophils and lymphocytes
39
Q

What types of disorders are typically white blood cell disorders? (2)

A
  • cancer
  • proliferative disorders
40
Q

What are the major types of white blood cell disorders? (3)

A
  • lymphoma
  • leukemia
  • myelomas
41
Q

Anemia

A

where there are not enough red blood cells or the cells do not work correctly

42
Q

What are the major types of platelet cell disorders? (2)

A
  • hemophilia
  • von Willebrand disease

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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