Unit 8: Introduction to the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the functions of blood? (5)

Answer 1

• transport of dissolved substances
• regulation of pH & ions
• blood clotting
• immune defense
• temp regulation

Question 2

What are the characteristics of blood? (3)

Answer 2

• 38°C (100.4°F)
• High viscosity
• pH 7.35-7.45

Question 3

What percentage of body weight is blood?

Answer 3

7%

Question 4

How many liters of blood does an adult male have?

Answer 4

5-6 L

Question 5

How many liters of blood does an adult female have?

Answer 5

4-5 L

Question 6

What is in plasma? (4)

Answer 6

• water
• proteins
• nutrients
• hormones

Question 7

What is in the buffy coat? (2)

Answer 7

• white blood cells
• platelets

Question 8

What is in the hematocrit?

Answer 8

red blood cells

Question 8

What are the blood elements? (8)

Answer 8

• Erythrocytes
• Thrombocytes
• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes
• Plasma

Question 9

RBCs (2)

Answer 9

• erythrocytes
• transport O2 and CO2

Question 10

WBCs (2)

Answer 10

• leukocytes
• immune defense

Question 11

Platelets

Answer 11

cytoplasm packets involved in clotting

Question 12

What is the percent composition of plasma? (3)

Answer 12

• 92% Water
• 7% Proteins
• 1% Other Solutes

Question 13

Leukocytes (WBCs) (4)

Answer 13

• Defend the body against pathogens & abnormal/damaged cells
• High WBC count (leukocytosis) often indicates leukemia – cancer of blood-forming tissues
• Most WBCs are in CT proper & lymphoid organs
• Small numbers in blood

Question 14

What are the types of leukocytes (5)

Answer 14

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
• Monocyte
• Lymphocyte

Question 15

Neutrophils (4)

Answer 15

• (50-70%)
• phagocytes
• release chemicals that attract other neutrophils (positive chemotaxis)
• dead neutrophils, debris, & waste form pus

Question 16

Eosinophils (4)

Answer 16

• (2-4%)
• Phagocytic
• release toxic compounds
• sensitive to allergens & parasites

Question 17

Basophils (4)

Answer 17

• (< 1%)
• releases Histamine – ↑’s inflammation, positive chemotaxis
• releases Heparin - prevents blood clotting
• not phagocytic

Question 18

Monocytes (3)

Answer 18

• (2-8%)
• Enter peripheral tissues & become macrophages
• Positive chemotaxis of phagocytes & fibroblasts

Question 19

Lymphocytes (5)

Answer 19

• (20-30%)
• Secrete ABs
• Migrate in & out of blood
• Not phagocytic
• Include T cells, B cells, & Natural Killer Cells

Question 20

Antigen

Answer 20

induce an immune response in the body

Question 21

Antibody

Answer 21

blood protein produced to counteract a specific antigen

Question 22

Agglutination

Answer 22

clumping of particles in response to an antigen-antibody reaction

Question 23

What are the red blood cell types? (4)

Answer 23

• A
• B
• AB
• O

Question 24

What are the antibodies in plasma? (2)

Answer 24

- Anti-A - Anti-B

Question 25

What are the antigens in red blood cells? (2)

Answer 25

- A antigens - B antigens

Question 26

What does rH determine?

Answer 26

whether the blood is positive or negative

Question 27

What is the universal donor blood type?

Answer 27

O-

Question 28

What is the universal acceptor blood type?

Answer 28

AB

Question 29

On average, how many pints of blood does an adult have?

Answer 29

10-12 pints

Question 30

How long does blood last?

Answer 30

42 days

Question 31

How long do platelets last?

Answer 31

5 days

Question 32

How often can a donor give?

Answer 32

every 56 days

Question 33

What is a blood disorder?

Answer 33

any condition that impacts one or more parts of the blood

Question 34

What is the name of a disorder that involves white blood cells?

Answer 34

leukopenia

Question 35

What is the name of a disorder that involves red blood cells?

Answer 35

anemia

Question 36

What is the name of the classification a disorder that involves platelets?

Answer 36

thrombocytopenia

Question 37

What are the categories of blood disorders that increase blood components called? (3)

Answer 37

-erythrocytosis - leukocytosis - thrombocythemia/thrombocytosis

Question 38

Which white blood cells do white blood cell disorders effect? (2)

Answer 38

- all of them OR - neutrophils and lymphocytes

Question 39

What types of disorders are typically white blood cell disorders? (2)

Answer 39

- cancer - proliferative disorders

Question 40

What are the major types of white blood cell disorders? (3)

Answer 40

- lymphoma - leukemia - myelomas

Question 41

Anemia

Answer 41

where there are not enough red blood cells or the cells do not work correctly

Question 42

What are the major types of platelet cell disorders? (2)

Answer 42

- hemophilia - von Willebrand disease