Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards by Narobi Coffey

Homeostasis

all body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment

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Positive Feedback

response amplifies the stimulus, causing the feedback loop to repeat until the desired response is reached and homeostasis is restored

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Negative Feedback

variation triggers a response that corrects situation

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Stimulus

Anything that provokes a response in an organism

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Receptor

receives/detects a stimulus

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Control Center/Integrator

processes signal & determines response

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Effector

carries out response

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Anatomical Position

hands at sides, palms forward

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Supine

lying face up

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Prone

lying face down

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Superior

being closer to the head or higher than another structure of the body

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Inferior

being closer to the feet or the lower part of the body than another structure in the body

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being more in the front than another structure in the body

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Posterior

being more in the back then another structure in the body

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Medial

being closer to the median plane than another structure in the body

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Lateral

being further away from the median place then another structure in the body

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Proximal

only used with the limbs, being closer to the median place or the root of the limb than another structure in the limb

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Distal

only used with limbs being further away from the median plane or the root of the limb than another structure in the limb

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Superficial

closer to the surface

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Deep

further away from the surface

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Sagittal

a sagittal plane separates right and left portions

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Midsagittal

the plane passes through the midline dividing the body in half and separating the left and right sides

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Frontal

separates the anterior and posterior portions of the body

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Transverse

separates the superior and inferior portions of the body

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Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

way the abdomen and pelvis can be divided into four parts

Abdominopelvic Regions

why the abdomen and pelvis can be divided into nine parts

Right hypochondriac region

Left hypochondriac region

Right lumbar region

Left lumbar region

Right inguinal region

Left inguinal region

Epigastric region

Umbilical region

Hypogastric (pubic) region

Body Cavities

Function to protect, separate, and support internal organs

Serous Membrane

line body cavities & secrete serous fluid to prevent friction b/w organs and cavity walls

Parietal lining

outer lining

Visceral Lining

inner lining in contact w/ organs

Cranial Cavity

contains brain

Dorsal Cavity

contains cranial and spinal cavity

Spinal Cavity

contains spinal cord

Ventral Cavity

contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Thoracic Cavity

contains pleural, pericardial, and mediastinum cavities

Pleural Cavities

contains lungs

Pericardial Cavities

contains heart

Mediastinum

contains trachea, thymus, and esophagus

Abdominopelvic Cavity

contains abdominal and pelvic cavities

Abdominal Cavity

contains digestive organs

Pelvic Cavity

contains end of large intestine, reproductive organs, rectum, bladder

Radiology

the science dealing with X-rays and other high-energy radiation, especially the use of such radiation for the diagnosis and treatment of disease

CT (computerized tomography)

rotating x-rays produce 3D cross-section

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

clear details of soft tissue (no radiation)

PET (positron emission tomography)

nuclear medicine used to measure metabolic activity of organs

Ultrasound

images from reflected sound waves

Acromial

shoulder

Antebrachium/Antebrachial

forearm

Antecubital/Antecubitis

front of elbow

Axillary/Axilla

armpit

Brachial/Brachium

arm

Buccal

cheek

Carpal/Carpus

wrist

Cephalic/Cephalon

head

Cervical/Cervicis

neck

Coxal

hip

Crural

leg

Deltoid

triangular shoulder muscle

Digital/Digit

fingers or toes

Femoral

thigh

Frontal

forehead

Inguinal

groin

Mental/Mentis

chin

Nasal/Nasus

nose

Oral/Oris

mouth

Otic

ear

Patellar/Patella

knee

Pectoral/Mamma/Mammary

breast

Pedal/Pes

whole foot

Pelvic

pelvis

Pubis

Pubic

Sternal/Thoracis/Thoracic

Chest region between breasts

Tarsal/Tarsus

ankle

Umbilical/Umbilicus/Naval

belly button

Orbital/Occular

eyes

Hallux

big toe

Palmar

palm

Pollex

thumb

Abdominal

abdomen

Calcaneal/Calcaneus

heel of foot

Gluteal/Gluteus

butt

Lumbar/Loin

lower back

Occipital

back of head

Olecranal/Olecranon

back of elbow

Plantar/Planta

sole of foot

Popliteal/Popliteus

back of knee

Sacral

coccyx or tailbone

Scapular/Dorsum/Dorsal

shoulder blades

Sural

calf

Vertebral

spine