UNIT 8 (I'M DONE WITH ORGANIZATION)

Question 1

Innate behavior

Answer 1

Born with this (like breathing)

Question 2

Learned behavior

Answer 2

Learn it from something (like talking)

Question 3

Stimulus –> response on a macro level examples

Answer 3

Signal transduction pathways, +/- feedback

Question 4

What leads organisms to exchange info with each other?

Answer 4

Internal changes, external cues (this unit is dumb as heck)

Question 5

Example of plant responses to stimuli

Answer 5

Plant is wounded by caterpillar, chemical in saliva signals a signal transduction pathway which triggers synthesis and release of volatile attractants to recruit parastoid wasps to lay eggs in the caterpillars

Question 6

Examples of animal responses to stimuli

Answer 6

Flight or flight response (amygdala reacts to threat, hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system, release of adrenaline, adrenal cortex releases cortisol (no sleep) so you are more awake)
Prarie Dog yapping (altruism)

Question 7

What is photoperiodism

Answer 7

physiological (function/behavior) response to light and darkness periods in a day or season (this much light measured by photoreceptors –> you get a flower!)

Question 8

What is phototropism?

Answer 8

movement/change in response to light stimulus

Question 9

What is the opposite of nocturnal and what features accompany it?

Answer 9

Diurnal, pupil dilation and sometimes camoflage

Question 10

How does behavior affect fitness? (territory marking/flower colors)

Answer 10

Territory marking –> tells others it is your place –> your ecological niche now
Flower colors/smells –> attracts pollinators or prey –> better for mating/survival

Question 11

Methods of animal communitcation

Answer 11

Coloration, pheremons, vocalizing, etc

Question 12

T or F animals stick together to be nice

Answer 12

F they had a better evolutionary advantage and are selected for (though it’s T in my heart)

Question 13

Exponential growth formula

Answer 13

dN/dt or Births-Deaths = rmaxN
Left side: Population size increase/decrease
Right side: rmax=growth rate, current # of organisms in population

Question 14

Logistic growth formula

Answer 14

dN/dt or Births-Deaths = rmaxN((K-N)/K)
K = carrying capacity
N = current population size
rmax = growth rate

Question 15

define biotic and abiotic

Answer 15

living and nonliving

Question 16

what do ecosystems in a biome share

Answer 16

climate, rainfall, temperature, air/soil quality - basically what the organisms require to survive

Question 17

Simpson’s diversity index formula

Answer 17

1-Σ(n/N)²
n=number of organisms in one species
N= total number of organisms in all species

Question 18

Factors that inhibit population growth (density dependent)

Answer 18

Biotic - disease, predators, competition

Question 19

Factors that inhibit population growth (density independent)

Answer 19

Natural disasters/other abiotic factors

Question 20

how does an organism’s size affect its metabolic rate per unit of mass?

Answer 20

Smaller has higher metabolic rate per unit of mass because they have higher SA:V ratios so heat is lost more easily

Question 21

T or F Living systems require a constant input of energy

Answer 21

True and we got the sun for that

Question 22

What does it mean and what are the benefits of being an endotherm?

Answer 22

Generate heat through metabolism to maintain constant body temp (warm blooded)
- Can be more flexible with environment

Question 23

What does it mean and what are the benefits of being an ectotherm?

Answer 23

Body temp changes with environment, use behaviors to regulate
- can use less energy

Question 24

how do you have an energy gain or loss?

Answer 24

Net gain: Mass/weight gain (biomass) - more photosynth. or energy intake than used
Net loss: decreased biomass/death