Chapter idk - Heredity

Question 1

Law of dominance

Answer 1

One allele completely masks the other - when Rr is present only R is observed (this does NOT cover co-dominance and incomplete dominance)

Question 2

Law of segregation

Answer 2

Allele pairs (homologous chromosomes) separate/segregate during gamete formation
RrYy -> RY, Ry, rY, ry (not Rry unles you got some nondisjunction)(don’t quote me on the nondisjunction part)

Question 3

Law of independent assortment

Answer 3

Alleles of 2 or more different genes (on different chromosomes) are sorted into gametes independently of one another.

Question 4

Non mendelian things

Answer 4

Co dominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, linked genes (prolly)

Question 5

Autosomal traits

Answer 5

Carried by chromosomes 1-22, represented by a letter

Question 6

Sex-linked traits

Answer 6

Carried on X or Y chromosome (often X), XX or XY with a letter

Question 7

Special things about X-linked recessive things

Answer 7

Typically only affects males, affected male passes to daughters, not sons, trait skips a generation (because then the carrier daughter passes it along) - sex linkage can’t be confirmed

Question 8

If 2 parents with an autosomal trait have a child without, it’s

Answer 8

Autosomal dominant (parents are heterozygous)

Question 9

If 2 parents without it have a child with it, it’s

Answer 9

Autosomal recessive (parents are still heterozygous)

Question 10

RRxRr genotype ratio

Answer 10

1:1 RR:Rr

Question 11

RrxRr genotype ratio

Answer 11

1:2:1 RR:Rr:rr

Question 12

Rrxrr genotype ratio

Answer 12

1:1 Rr:rr

Question 13

RRxrr genotype ratio

Answer 13

100%Rr

Question 14

What is the genotype?

Answer 14

The alleles carried by an individual (eg XiY, AA, BbCC)

Question 15

What is the phenotype?

Answer 15

What the individual looks like or expresses

Question 16

Other words for heterozygous

Answer 16

Hybrid, carrier