Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis

Question 1

This is a reminder card telling Sarah that this probably isn’t as complete as it should be as everything is still fresh in my mind and I’m quite tired. Please make time to add more cards before the AP exam! (unless you good, in which case you good)

Answer 1

ma’am yes ma’am

Question 2

Photosynthesis vs chemiosmosis

Answer 2

both make food but photosynthesis uses light and chemiosmosis uses energy from a proton gradient - chemiosmosis is part of photosynthesis (DO NOT SAY DIFFERENT ORGANISMS THAT IS WRONG)

Question 3

Cyanobacteria photosynthesis vs plant photosynthesis

Answer 3

Cyanobacteria use cell membrane while plants use chloroplasts for concentration gradient

Question 4

What similarities do cyanobacteria and plants share in photosynthesis?

Answer 4

Synthesize organic molecules from CO2 and (usually) water, they’re all autotrophs, and (mostly) they ok with water

Question 5

Draw a chloroplast and label it

Answer 5

________________
l ——————- l
l l O O O l l
l l O O O l l
l ——————- l
________________
Outer and inner membrane, Intermembrane space, O is thykaloid, stroma is space between thykaloids

Question 6

What is the photosynthesis formula?

Answer 6

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 (yay for no subscript)

Question 7

In the photosynthesis formula, what is oxidized and what is reduced?

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide is reduced, water is oxidized

Question 8

What do the carbon and oxygen atoms in CO2 as a photosynthesis reactant become?

Answer 8

Backbone of glucose
Glucose and water (do not think about it too hard please there’s a net 6 water taken in idk what the right answer is but I can guarantee that this is not worth my time when it’s literally going to be one question if that)

Question 9

What is carbon fixation?

Answer 9

Incorporating carbon onto RUBP during the first step of the Calvin cycle, making something very unstable with 6 carbons

Question 10

How does CO2 get into the chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Enters/diffuses in via stomata and then membranes

Question 11

How does H2O get into the chloroplasts?

Answer 11

Enters through roots from osmosis

Question 12

Where are pigments found in the chloroplast?

Answer 12

In the photosystems in the light harvesting complexes

Question 13

What do pigments do?

Answer 13

Absorb light energy and get excited and transfer that energy from one to another to special chlorophyll

Question 14

Where are special chlorophyll molecules found?

Answer 14

In the reaction center complex in the photosystems

Question 15

What do special chlorophyll a molecules do?

Answer 15

They accept energy and electrons and use the energy to charge up the electrons and send it to the primary electron acceptor

Question 16

Where is the primary electron acceptor found?

Answer 16

In the reaction center complex in the photosystems

Question 17

What do primary electron acceptors do? (i implore you to use your brain)

Answer 17

They accept charged electrons from special chlorophyll a and send them onto the ETC (PS2) or NADP+ (PS1) reductase

Question 18

What breaks down water in photosynthesis, and where does each part go?

Answer 18

Photolysis
Oxygen - joins more oxygen and leaves the leaves
H+ ions - pumped from the stroma into the thykaloid space and used to power ATP synthase on the thykaloid membrane
Electrons - given to special chlorophyll a to get recharged and passed on

Question 19

What comes first, photosystem 1 or 2?

Answer 19

2 because the scientists are weird.

Question 20

T or F: Light dependent reactions are cyclic

Answer 20

false.

Question 21

What is similar in mitochondria and chloroplast chemiosmosis?

Answer 21

Use H+ proton gradient that allows H+ ions to be funneled through ATP synthase, forming ATP. Also there’s the ETC

Question 22

What is different in mitochondria and chlorophlast chemiosmosis?

Answer 22

Mitochondria use glucose to make and NADH and FADH2 to get their H+ ions while chloroplasts get it from water. Also, mitochondria use food for the energy while chloroplasts use light (how? no clue)

Question 23

What is photophosphorylation?

Answer 23

Using light to generate atp in light dependent reactions? (also probably the biggest real word I know thus far! supervolcanosis whatever is not in my vocabulary presently)

Question 24

Pls make calvin cycle cards and maybe check the bigsheets while in the comfort of my own home and big ash desks

Question 25

Where does the Calvin cycle happen?

Answer 25

In the stroma of the chloroplast

Question 26

T or F: Light independent reactions are constantly happening

Answer 26

True

Question 27

After carbon fixation, what is formed?

Answer 27

ATP and NADPH provide electrons and phosphates and H+ and a heck of a lot of energy to make 2 G3Ps, which have 3 carbons and a phosphate from ATP.

Question 28

What are G3Ps turned into in the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 28

6 RUBPs and 1 glucose - as 6 CO2s are added to 6 original RUBPS, it’s enough to regenerate it and make 1 6 carbon glucose (and no you can’t just stick 6CO2s together it’s too inefficient)

Question 29

T or F: Light dependent reactions are constantly happening

Answer 29

False - only happening if light is present