Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Flashcards
This is a reminder card telling Sarah that this probably isn’t as complete as it should be as everything is still fresh in my mind and I’m quite tired. Please make time to add more cards before the AP exam! (unless you good, in which case you good)
ma’am yes ma’am
Photosynthesis vs chemiosmosis
both make food but photosynthesis uses light and chemiosmosis uses energy from a proton gradient - chemiosmosis is part of photosynthesis (DO NOT SAY DIFFERENT ORGANISMS THAT IS WRONG)
Cyanobacteria photosynthesis vs plant photosynthesis
Cyanobacteria use cell membrane while plants use chloroplasts for concentration gradient
What similarities do cyanobacteria and plants share in photosynthesis?
Synthesize organic molecules from CO2 and (usually) water, they’re all autotrophs, and (mostly) they ok with water
Draw a chloroplast and label it
________________
l ——————- l
l l O O O l l
l l O O O l l
l ——————- l
________________
Outer and inner membrane, Intermembrane space, O is thykaloid, stroma is space between thykaloids
What is the photosynthesis formula?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 (yay for no subscript)
In the photosynthesis formula, what is oxidized and what is reduced?
Carbon dioxide is reduced, water is oxidized
What do the carbon and oxygen atoms in CO2 as a photosynthesis reactant become?
Backbone of glucose
Glucose and water (do not think about it too hard please there’s a net 6 water taken in idk what the right answer is but I can guarantee that this is not worth my time when it’s literally going to be one question if that)
What is carbon fixation?
Incorporating carbon onto RUBP during the first step of the Calvin cycle, making something very unstable with 6 carbons
How does CO2 get into the chloroplasts?
Enters/diffuses in via stomata and then membranes
How does H2O get into the chloroplasts?
Enters through roots from osmosis
Where are pigments found in the chloroplast?
In the photosystems in the light harvesting complexes
What do pigments do?
Absorb light energy and get excited and transfer that energy from one to another to special chlorophyll
Where are special chlorophyll molecules found?
In the reaction center complex in the photosystems
What do special chlorophyll a molecules do?
They accept energy and electrons and use the energy to charge up the electrons and send it to the primary electron acceptor
Where is the primary electron acceptor found?
In the reaction center complex in the photosystems
What do primary electron acceptors do? (i implore you to use your brain)
They accept charged electrons from special chlorophyll a and send them onto the ETC (PS2) or NADP+ (PS1) reductase
What breaks down water in photosynthesis, and where does each part go?
Photolysis
Oxygen - joins more oxygen and leaves the leaves
H+ ions - pumped from the stroma into the thykaloid space and used to power ATP synthase on the thykaloid membrane
Electrons - given to special chlorophyll a to get recharged and passed on
What comes first, photosystem 1 or 2?
2 because the scientists are weird.
T or F: Light dependent reactions are cyclic
false.
What is similar in mitochondria and chloroplast chemiosmosis?
Use H+ proton gradient that allows H+ ions to be funneled through ATP synthase, forming ATP. Also there’s the ETC
What is different in mitochondria and chlorophlast chemiosmosis?
Mitochondria use glucose to make and NADH and FADH2 to get their H+ ions while chloroplasts get it from water. Also, mitochondria use food for the energy while chloroplasts use light (how? no clue)
What is photophosphorylation?
Using light to generate atp in light dependent reactions? (also probably the biggest real word I know thus far! supervolcanosis whatever is not in my vocabulary presently)
Pls make calvin cycle cards and maybe check the bigsheets while in the comfort of my own home and big ash desks
Where does the Calvin cycle happen?
In the stroma of the chloroplast
T or F: Light independent reactions are constantly happening
True
After carbon fixation, what is formed?
ATP and NADPH provide electrons and phosphates and H+ and a heck of a lot of energy to make 2 G3Ps, which have 3 carbons and a phosphate from ATP.
What are G3Ps turned into in the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle?
6 RUBPs and 1 glucose - as 6 CO2s are added to 6 original RUBPS, it’s enough to regenerate it and make 1 6 carbon glucose (and no you can’t just stick 6CO2s together it’s too inefficient)
T or F: Light dependent reactions are constantly happening
False - only happening if light is present
