Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology Advanced > Unit 8 - Genetics > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

nondisjunction

A

when chromosomes don’t separate properly during meiosis, too many or too few in each cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

trisomy

A

having an extra chromosome in zygote cell (3 instead of 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

organisms with extra chromosomes usually ____, organisms missing chromosomes usually _____

A

survive, die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

polyploidy

A

too many chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does polyploidy cause in animal cells

A

death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does polyploidy cause in plants

A

doesn’t do anything, common in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

deletion

A

large section removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

duplication

A

section is duplicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

inversion

A

sections flip order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

reciprocal translocation

A

part of one chromosome exchanged with another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ABCD – ACD

A

deletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ABCD – ABCBCD

A

duplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ABCD – ACBD

A

inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ABCD – MNOD
MNOP–ABCP

A

reciprocal translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

genetics

A

study of how traits are passed from one gen to the next, specifically how genes affect that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

heredity

A

passing of characteristics from parent to offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gene

A

section of DNA found on chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

traits

A

characteristic of an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gregor mendel

A

Austrian monk that studied pea plants to determine how traits are passed, “father of modern genetics”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

principle of dominance

A

dominant and recessive traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

segregation

A

traits for tallness and shortness seperated during formation of gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

homo dominant:hetero:homo recessive

A

genotypic ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dominant:recessive

A

phenotypic ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

shows two types of gametes from each parent in punnet square w/ 4 boxes, one trait

A

monohybrid cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

punnet square that shows two traits in 16 boxes

A

dihybrid cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

mendelian inheritance

A

dominant or reessive, homo and hetero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

one allele not completely dominant over another, phenotype is between homo phenotypes

A

incomplete dominance

28
Q

red and white flower crossed, pink result

A

incomplete dominance

29
Q

heterozygote shows phenotypes of both alleles

A

codominance

30
Q

white and black chicken crossed, offspring has black and white feathers

A

codominance

31
Q

gene with more than two alleles

A

multiple alleles

32
Q

eye color, each person has two alleles in a diploid cell for eye color, many eye color alleles in the human population

A

multiple alleles

33
Q

blood genotype AA or AO, phenotype?

34
Q

blood genotype BB or BO, phenotype?

35
Q

blood genotype AB, phenotype?

36
Q

blood genotype OO, phenotype?

37
Q

traits controlled by two or more genes

A

polygenic traits

38
Q

skin color controlled by more than four genes

A

polygenic trait

39
Q

ability of a gene to affect an organism in multiple ways (many phenotypes)

40
Q

sickle-cell disease, causes many symptoms

41
Q

gene at one location alters expression of a gene in another location

42
Q

BB/Bb/bb determines coat color but CC/Cc/cc determines pigment

43
Q

chromosome pairs 1-22

44
Q

chromosomes that determine sex

A

sex chromosomes, pair 23

45
Q

XX (male or female)

46
Q

XY (male or female)

47
Q

gene is only found on X chromosome

A

sex-linked traits

48
Q

male pattern baldness, colorblindness, hemophilia

A

sex-linked traits

49
Q

someone who carries a sex-linked trait but is not affected by it

A

carrier, usually women

50
Q

women can only have a sex-linked disease if…

A

father has it and mother is carrier or has it

51
Q

what is trisomy 21?

A

down syndrome

52
Q

most genetic disorders are in (recessive/dominant) alleles

53
Q

condition that causes formation of thick mucus in lungs and digestive tract

A

cystic fibrosis

54
Q

about how many white Americans carry cystic fibrosis

55
Q

condition that causes fat to accumulate in central nervous system

A

tay-sachs disease

56
Q

who normally has tay-sachs disease

A

Jews from eastern europe

57
Q

is cystic fibrosis caused by recessive or dominant alleles

58
Q

is tay-sachs disease caused by recessive or dominant alleles

59
Q

is tay-sachs disease lethal

60
Q

condition where the body can’t digest the amino acid phenylalanine to amino acid tyrosine

A

phenylketonuria (PKU)

61
Q

what does phenylketonuria cause

A

damage to the central nervous system, sometimes retardation in infants if not found

62
Q

condition that causes breakdown of parts of the brain

A

huntington’s disease

63
Q

when does onset huntington’s disease happen

A

30-50 yrs of age

64
Q

diagram of how traits are inherited

65
Q

heterozygous person who “carries” a recessive trait and may pass it onto their children but it doesn’t affect them

Biology Advanced (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions