Unit 8 - Genetics

Question 1

nondisjunction

Answer 1

when chromosomes don’t separate properly during meiosis, too many or too few in each cell

Question 2

trisomy

Answer 2

having an extra chromosome in zygote cell (3 instead of 2)

Question 3

organisms with extra chromosomes usually ____, organisms missing chromosomes usually _____

Answer 3

survive, die

Question 4

polyploidy

Answer 4

too many chromosomes

Question 5

what does polyploidy cause in animal cells

Answer 5

death

Question 6

what does polyploidy cause in plants

Answer 6

doesn’t do anything, common in plants

Question 7

deletion

Answer 7

large section removed

Question 8

duplication

Answer 8

section is duplicated

Question 9

inversion

Answer 9

sections flip order

Question 10

reciprocal translocation

Answer 10

part of one chromosome exchanged with another

Question 11

ABCD – ACD

Answer 11

deletion

Question 12

ABCD – ABCBCD

Answer 12

duplication

Question 13

ABCD – ACBD

Answer 13

inversion

Question 14

ABCD – MNOD
MNOP–ABCP

Answer 14

reciprocal translocation

Question 15

genetics

Answer 15

study of how traits are passed from one gen to the next, specifically how genes affect that

Question 16

heredity

Answer 16

passing of characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 17

gene

Answer 17

section of DNA found on chromosome

Question 18

traits

Answer 18

characteristic of an individual

Question 19

Gregor mendel

Answer 19

Austrian monk that studied pea plants to determine how traits are passed, “father of modern genetics”

Question 20

principle of dominance

Answer 20

dominant and recessive traits

Question 21

segregation

Answer 21

traits for tallness and shortness seperated during formation of gametes

Question 22

homo dominant:hetero:homo recessive

Answer 22

genotypic ratio

Question 23

dominant:recessive

Answer 23

phenotypic ratio

Question 24

shows two types of gametes from each parent in punnet square w/ 4 boxes, one trait

Answer 24

monohybrid cross

Question 25

punnet square that shows two traits in 16 boxes

Answer 25

dihybrid cross

Question 26

mendelian inheritance

Answer 26

dominant or reessive, homo and hetero

Question 27

one allele not completely dominant over another, phenotype is between homo phenotypes

Answer 27

incomplete dominance

Question 28

red and white flower crossed, pink result

Answer 28

incomplete dominance

Question 29

heterozygote shows phenotypes of both alleles

Answer 29

codominance

Question 30

white and black chicken crossed, offspring has black and white feathers

Answer 30

codominance

Question 31

gene with more than two alleles

Answer 31

multiple alleles

Question 32

eye color, each person has two alleles in a diploid cell for eye color, many eye color alleles in the human population

Answer 32

multiple alleles

Question 33

blood genotype AA or AO, phenotype?

Answer 33

A

Question 34

blood genotype BB or BO, phenotype?

Answer 34

B

Question 35

blood genotype AB, phenotype?

Answer 35

AB

Question 36

blood genotype OO, phenotype?

Answer 36

O

Question 37

traits controlled by two or more genes

Answer 37

polygenic traits

Question 38

skin color controlled by more than four genes

Answer 38

polygenic trait

Question 39

ability of a gene to affect an organism in multiple ways (many phenotypes)

Answer 39

pleitropy

Question 40

sickle-cell disease, causes many symptoms

Answer 40

pleitropy

Question 41

gene at one location alters expression of a gene in another location

Answer 41

epistasis

Question 42

BB/Bb/bb determines coat color but CC/Cc/cc determines pigment

Answer 42

epistasis

Question 43

chromosome pairs 1-22

Answer 43

autosomes

Question 44

chromosomes that determine sex

Answer 44

sex chromosomes, pair 23

Question 45

XX (male or female)

Answer 45

female

Question 46

XY (male or female)

Answer 46

male

Question 47

gene is only found on X chromosome

Answer 47

sex-linked traits

Question 48

male pattern baldness, colorblindness, hemophilia

Answer 48

sex-linked traits

Question 49

someone who carries a sex-linked trait but is not affected by it

Answer 49

carrier, usually women

Question 50

women can only have a sex-linked disease if...

Answer 50

father has it and mother is carrier or has it

Question 51

what is trisomy 21?

Answer 51

down syndrome

Question 52

most genetic disorders are in (recessive/dominant) alleles

Answer 52

recessive

Question 53

condition that causes formation of thick mucus in lungs and digestive tract

Answer 53

cystic fibrosis

Question 54

about how many white Americans carry cystic fibrosis

Answer 54

1 in 20

Question 55

condition that causes fat to accumulate in central nervous system

Answer 55

tay-sachs disease

Question 56

who normally has tay-sachs disease

Answer 56

Jews from eastern europe

Question 57

is cystic fibrosis caused by recessive or dominant alleles

Answer 57

recessive

Question 58

is tay-sachs disease caused by recessive or dominant alleles

Answer 58

recessive

Question 59

is tay-sachs disease lethal

Answer 59

yes

Question 60

condition where the body can't digest the amino acid phenylalanine to amino acid tyrosine

Answer 60

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 61

what does phenylketonuria cause

Answer 61

damage to the central nervous system, sometimes retardation in infants if not found

Question 62

condition that causes breakdown of parts of the brain

Answer 62

huntington's disease

Question 63

when does onset huntington's disease happen

Answer 63

30-50 yrs of age

Question 64

diagram of how traits are inherited

Answer 64

pedigree

Question 65

heterozygous person who "carries" a recessive trait and may pass it onto their children but it doesn't affect them

Answer 65

carrier