Unit 4 - Cell Transport

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

maintaining or balancing the cell’s environment

Question 2

phospholipids

Answer 2

bilayer, 2 layers of phospholipids

Question 3

is the head of the phospholipid polar or nonpolar

Answer 3

polar

Question 4

is the tail of a phospholipid polar or nonpolar

Answer 4

nonpolar

Question 5

fluid mosaic model

Answer 5

membrane is flexible, proteins move between phospholipids, membrane is made of many parts

Question 6

cholesterol

Answer 6

keeps phospholipids from sticking together or moving too far apart

Question 7

carbohydrates

Answer 7

sugar on outside of cell membrane, allows cell to be identified by other cells and part of a glycoprotein

Question 8

transport proteins

Answer 8

proteins that move molecules into and out of cells

Question 9

receptor proteins

Answer 9

molecules binds to the protein, message sent through protein to the cell

Question 10

concentration gradient

Answer 10

different concentrations on different sides of a membrane

Question 11

facilitated diffusion

Answer 11

larger molecules are moved into and out of the cell through special protein channels

Question 12

aquaporins

Answer 12

special protein or hole that allows water through membrane

Question 13

isotonic

Answer 13

equal concentration of solute inside and out of cell

Question 14

hypotonic

Answer 14

less solute outside of the cells, more inside cells, cells swell (blood cell swelling)

Question 15

what is it called when a plant cells swells and presses against the cell wall and becomes rigid

Answer 15

turgid

Question 16

hypertonic

Answer 16

more solute outside of the cell, less inside cell, water moves out and cells shrink and shrivel

Question 17

what is it called when the membrane in a plant cells shrink away from the cell wall

Answer 17

plasmolysis

Question 18

osmotic pressure

Answer 18

cells shrink or burst due to pressure from movement of water

Question 19

passive transport

Answer 19

no additional energy needed, used to move smaller molecules through diffusion, high to low concentration,

Question 20

active transport

Answer 20

additional energy needed, moves against concentration gradient, low to high concentration, used to move larger molecules

Question 21

carrier protein and what it does

Answer 21

changes its shape to bind to a molecule, moves molecule across membrane then returns to original shape, low to high concentration

Question 22

exocytosis and how it works

Answer 22

moving large molecules out of cell, vacuoles fuse with cell membrane and material is moved out of cell

Question 23

endocytosis and how it works

Answer 23

moving large molecules into cell, cell membrane forms vacuole around molecules and carries them into cell

Question 24

formula for surface area

Answer 24

(lxw)6

Question 25

formula for volume

Answer 25

lxwxh

Question 26

the ___ the cell, the ____ smaller the surface area to volume ratio

Answer 26

bigger, smaller

Question 27

the cell wants a _______ volume, but a _____ surface area to function well

Answer 27

small, large