Unit 4 - Cell Transport Flashcards
homeostasis
maintaining or balancing the cell’s environment
phospholipids
bilayer, 2 layers of phospholipids
is the head of the phospholipid polar or nonpolar
polar
is the tail of a phospholipid polar or nonpolar
nonpolar
fluid mosaic model
membrane is flexible, proteins move between phospholipids, membrane is made of many parts
cholesterol
keeps phospholipids from sticking together or moving too far apart
carbohydrates
sugar on outside of cell membrane, allows cell to be identified by other cells and part of a glycoprotein
transport proteins
proteins that move molecules into and out of cells
receptor proteins
molecules binds to the protein, message sent through protein to the cell
concentration gradient
different concentrations on different sides of a membrane
facilitated diffusion
larger molecules are moved into and out of the cell through special protein channels
aquaporins
special protein or hole that allows water through membrane
isotonic
equal concentration of solute inside and out of cell
hypotonic
less solute outside of the cells, more inside cells, cells swell (blood cell swelling)
what is it called when a plant cells swells and presses against the cell wall and becomes rigid
turgid
hypertonic
more solute outside of the cell, less inside cell, water moves out and cells shrink and shrivel
what is it called when the membrane in a plant cells shrink away from the cell wall
plasmolysis
osmotic pressure
cells shrink or burst due to pressure from movement of water
passive transport
no additional energy needed, used to move smaller molecules through diffusion, high to low concentration,
active transport
additional energy needed, moves against concentration gradient, low to high concentration, used to move larger molecules
carrier protein and what it does
changes its shape to bind to a molecule, moves molecule across membrane then returns to original shape, low to high concentration
exocytosis and how it works
moving large molecules out of cell, vacuoles fuse with cell membrane and material is moved out of cell
endocytosis and how it works
moving large molecules into cell, cell membrane forms vacuole around molecules and carries them into cell
formula for surface area
(lxw)6
formula for volume
lxwxh
the ___ the cell, the ____ the surface area to volume ratio
larger, smaller
or smaller larger
the cell wants a _______ volume, but a _____ surface area to function well
small, large
