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Biology Advanced > Unit 2 - Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

6 elements basic to life

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

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2
Q

ionic bonding

A

gaining or losing electrons

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3
Q

covalent bonding

A

sharing electrons

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4
Q

hydrophilic

A

water loving, bonds with water

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5
Q

hydrophobic

A

scared of water, can’t bond with water

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6
Q

H+

A

hydrogen ion, proton

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7
Q

OH-

A

hydroxide

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8
Q

acids have more…

A

H+

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9
Q

bases have more…

A

OH-

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10
Q

logarithmic scale

A

each step is ten times stronger or weaker than the one before

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11
Q

H2O+H+=?

A

H3O, same as hydrogen ion

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12
Q

organic molecules

A

molecules made of many carbon atoms

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13
Q

carbon atoms bond to form…

A

chains or rings, complex structures

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14
Q

polymers are made of…

A

monomers

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15
Q

4 macromolecules (in order)

A

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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16
Q

elements that make carbs (with ratios)

A

CHO, 1:2:1

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17
Q

starches and sugars

A

carbs

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18
Q

main energy source, fast energy

A

carbs

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19
Q

end in -ose

A

carbs

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20
Q

provide structure in plants, cellulose

A

carbs

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21
Q

saccharide

A

carbs

22
Q

glucose compound

A

C6H12O6

23
Q

building a polymer by removing water

A

dehydration synthesis

24
Q

breaking down a polymer by adding water

A

hydrolysis

25
Q

elements that make lipids (with ratios)

A

CHO, 1:2:<1

26
Q

fats, oils, waxes, steroids

A

lipids

27
Q

long term energy storage

A

lipids

28
Q

insulation

A

lipids

29
Q

glycerol and fatty acid chains

A

lipids

30
Q

fatty acid tails filled with hydrogens, straight tails (saturated or unsaturated)

A

saturated

31
Q

solid at room temp (saturated or unsaturated)

A

saturated

32
Q

fatty acid tails missing hydrogens, double bonds causing tails to bend (saturated or unsaturated)

A

unsaturated

33
Q

liquid at room temp (saturated or unsaturated)

A

unsaturated

34
Q

elements that make up proteins

A

CHON

35
Q

control rate of chemical reactions, helps cell function, fights diseases

A

protein

36
Q

monomers of proteins

A

amino acids

37
Q

bonds between amino acids

A

peptide bonds

38
Q

long chains of amino acids

A

polypeptides

39
Q

elements that make up nucleic acids

A

CHONP

40
Q

store genetic info

A

nucleic acids

41
Q

nucleic acid monomers are called…

A

nucleotides

42
Q

proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction

A

enzymes

43
Q

anything that speeds up the rate of a reaction

A

catalyst

44
Q

molecule that bonds with enzyme

A

substrate

45
Q

area on enzyme where substrate bonds

A

active site

46
Q

steps of enzyme reactions

A

step 1 - enzyme and substrate are in same area
step 2 - substrate bonds to enzyme
step 3 - catalysis, substrate is changed
step 4 - enzyme lets go and returns to normal

47
Q

things that can interfere or stop an enzyme

A

temperature, pH

48
Q

protein unfolding or changing shape

A

denature

49
Q

makes enzyme faster

A

activator

50
Q

prevents enzyme from working

A

inhibitor

Biology Advanced (3 decks)

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