Unit 2 - Chemistry of Life

Question 1

6 elements basic to life

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Question 2

ionic bonding

Answer 2

gaining or losing electrons

Question 3

covalent bonding

Answer 3

sharing electrons

Question 4

hydrophilic

Answer 4

water loving, bonds with water

Question 5

hydrophobic

Answer 5

scared of water, can’t bond with water

Question 6

H+

Answer 6

hydrogen ion, proton

Question 7

OH-

Answer 7

hydroxide

Question 8

acids have more…

Answer 8

H+

Question 9

bases have more…

Answer 9

OH-

Question 10

logarithmic scale

Answer 10

each step is ten times stronger or weaker than the one before

Question 11

H2O+H+=?

Answer 11

H3O, same as hydrogen ion

Question 12

organic molecules

Answer 12

molecules made of many carbon atoms

Question 13

carbon atoms bond to form…

Answer 13

chains or rings, complex structures

Question 14

polymers are made of…

Answer 14

monomers

Question 15

4 macromolecules (in order)

Answer 15

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 16

elements that make carbs (with ratios)

Answer 16

CHO, 1:2:1

Question 17

starches and sugars

Answer 17

carbs

Question 18

main energy source, fast energy

Answer 18

carbs

Question 19

end in -ose

Answer 19

carbs

Question 20

provide structure in plants, cellulose

Answer 20

carbs

Question 21

saccharide

Answer 21

carbs

Question 22

glucose compound

Answer 22

C6H12O6

Question 23

building a polymer by removing water

Answer 23

dehydration synthesis

Question 24

breaking down a polymer by adding water

Answer 24

hydrolysis

Question 25

elements that make lipids (with ratios)

Answer 25

CHO, 1:2:<1

Question 26

fats, oils, waxes, steroids

Answer 26

lipids

Question 27

long term energy storage

Answer 27

lipids

Question 28

insulation

Answer 28

lipids

Question 29

glycerol and fatty acid chains

Answer 29

lipids

Question 30

fatty acid tails filled with hydrogens, straight tails (saturated or unsaturated)

Answer 30

saturated

Question 31

solid at room temp (saturated or unsaturated)

Answer 31

saturated

Question 32

fatty acid tails missing hydrogens, double bonds causing tails to bend (saturated or unsaturated)

Answer 32

unsaturated

Question 33

liquid at room temp (saturated or unsaturated)

Answer 33

unsaturated

Question 34

elements that make up proteins

Answer 34

CHON

Question 35

control rate of chemical reactions, helps cell function, fights diseases

Answer 35

protein

Question 36

monomers of proteins

Answer 36

amino acids

Question 37

bonds between amino acids

Answer 37

peptide bonds

Question 38

long chains of amino acids

Answer 38

polypeptides

Question 39

elements that make up nucleic acids

Answer 39

CHONP

Question 40

store genetic info

Answer 40

nucleic acids

Question 41

nucleic acid monomers are called…

Answer 41

nucleotides

Question 42

proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 42

enzymes

Question 43

anything that speeds up the rate of a reaction

Answer 43

catalyst

Question 44

molecule that bonds with enzyme

Answer 44

substrate

Question 45

area on enzyme where substrate bonds

Answer 45

active site

Question 46

steps of enzyme reactions

Answer 46

step 1 - enzyme and substrate are in same area
step 2 - substrate bonds to enzyme
step 3 - catalysis, substrate is changed
step 4 - enzyme lets go and returns to normal

Question 47

factors that can interfere or stop an enzyme

Answer 47

temperature, pH

Question 48

protein unfolding or changing shape

Answer 48

denature

Question 49

makes enzyme faster

Answer 49

activator

Question 50

prevents enzyme from working

Answer 50

inhibitor