Unit 5 - Cellular Energy

Question 1

heterotroph

Answer 1

cannot make their own food, must eat plants and animals for energy

Question 2

autotroph

Answer 2

can make their own food through photosynthesis

Question 3

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 3

atp

Question 4

what does ATP stand for

Answer 4

adenosine triphosphate

Question 5

where is ATP produced and stored

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

what does ATP do

Answer 6

carries energy

Question 7

what is ATP made up of

Answer 7

one adenine molecule, a ribose sugar, and three phosphates

Question 8

where is the energy in ATP stored

Answer 8

bonds, most between second and third phosphate

Question 9

adenosine diphosphate

Answer 9

adp

Question 10

what does adp stand for

Answer 10

adenosine diphosphate

Question 11

how is adp formed

Answer 11

ATP loses a phosphate group

Question 12

how does ATP release energy

Answer 12

bond between second and third phosphate breaks and releases energy

Question 13

catabolism

Answer 13

chemical reactions where molecules are broken down

Question 14

anabolism

Answer 14

chemical reactions where molecules are built

Question 15

metabolism

Answer 15

all chemical reactions in your body

Question 16

exergonic

Answer 16

reactions that release energy

Question 17

endergonic

Answer 17

reactions that require energy

Question 18

phosphorylation

Answer 18

adding a phosphate group

Question 19

hydrolysis

Answer 19

breaking down a molecule by adding water

Question 20

what do chloroplasts do

Answer 20

change energy from the sun into chemical energy

Question 21

what does chlorophyll do

Answer 21

helps a plant gather the sun’s energy

Question 22

why do leaves change color

Answer 22

chlorophyll breaks down in fall due to less sunlight and accessory pigments show through

Question 23

examples of accessory pigments

Answer 23

xanthophyll, carotene

Question 24

thylakoids

Answer 24

small sacs stacked on top of each other in chloroplast

Question 25

what do thylakoids do

Answer 25

stores chlorophyll

Question 26

granum

Answer 26

stack of thylakoids, grana plural

Question 27

stroma

Answer 27

fluid that fills chloroplast

Question 28

chemical formula for photosynthesis

Answer 28

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 29

reactants in photosynthesis

Answer 29

carbon dioxide and water

Question 30

products in photosynthesis

Answer 30

glucose and oxygen

Question 31

reactants

Answer 31

things going into a chemical reaction

Question 32

products

Answer 32

things produced in a chemical reaction

Question 33

stomata

Answer 33

small openings on underside of leaves that allow for gas exchange

Question 34

where do the light reactions occur

Answer 34

thylakoids

Question 35

what goes into light reactions

Answer 35

water

Question 36

what comes out of light reactions

Answer 36

oxygen

Question 37

what is adp+p converted to during light reactions

Answer 37

atp

Question 38

what is nadp+ converted into during light reactions

Answer 38

nadph

Question 39

what is nadp+

Answer 39

coenzyme that carries electrons

Question 40

where does the Calvin cycle occur

Answer 40

stroma

Question 41

does the Calvin cycle need light

Answer 41

no

Question 42

what goes into the Calvin cyle

Answer 42

carbon dioxide

Question 43

what comes out of the calvin cycle

Answer 43

glucose

Question 44

what is ATP converted into during the Calvin cycle

Answer 44

adp+p

Question 45

what is nadph converted into during the Calvin cycle

Answer 45

nadp+

Question 46

what does the light reaction give off extra of

Answer 46

electrons

Question 47

where does the energy flow during photosynthesis

Answer 47

starts from the sun, goes into chloroplasts and into thylakoids, converted into ATP, then used to make sugar

Question 48

what is used to make glucose during the calvin cycle

Answer 48

carbon and atp

Question 49

how do light waves work

Answer 49

color reflected is the color you see and every other color is absorbed

Question 50

how do we express energy stored in food

Answer 50

calories

Question 51

which is the most calorie dense macromolecule

Answer 51

lipids

Question 52

what is cellular respiration

Answer 52

process where an organism uses oxygen and food to make energy

Question 53

where does cellular respiration occur

Answer 53

mitochondria

Question 54

what does the mitochondria do

Answer 54

produces atp

Question 55

what is the equation for cellular respiration

Answer 55

C6H12O6 + 6CO2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 56

what is fermentation

Answer 56

process that occurs when an organism doesn't have enough oxygen but still needs to produce atp

Question 57

what are biproducts of fermentation

Answer 57

lactic acid, alcohol during alcoholic fermentation

Question 58

how many ATP does fermentation make

Answer 58

2

Question 59

what does aerobic mean

Answer 59

needs oxygen

Question 60

what does anaerobic mean

Answer 60

doesn't need oxygen, takes place without oxygen

Question 61

is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic

Answer 61

anaerobic

Question 62

is cellular respiration aerobic or anaerobic

Answer 62

aerobic

Question 63

how many ATP molecules does cellular respiration make

Answer 63

38

Question 64

what is the order of steps during cellular respiration

Answer 64

1. glycolysis 2. Kreb's cycle 3. ETC chain

Question 65

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 65

cytoplasm of cell

Question 66

what happens during glycolysis

Answer 66

glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules

Question 67

which energy carrying molecules are produced during glycolysis

Answer 67

ATP and NADH

Question 68

how many ATP does glycolysis produce

Answer 68

2

Question 69

where does the Krebs cycle occur

Answer 69

matrix of mitochondria

Question 70

what goes into the Krebs cycle

Answer 70

pyruvate (now Acetyl CoA)

Question 71

which energy carrying molecules are produced during the Krebs cycle

Answer 71

ATP, NADH, and FADH2

Question 72

how many ATP does the krebs cycle produce

Answer 72

2

Question 73

where does the electron transport chain occur

Answer 73

along inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 74

what powers the ETC?

Answer 74

NADH and FADH2

Question 75

what goes into the ETC?

Answer 75

O2 (oxygen)

Question 76

what comes out of the ETC? (other than ATP)

Answer 76

H2O (water)

Question 77

how many ATP does the electron transport chain produce?

Answer 77

34

Question 78

what are the steps of the electron transport chain?

Answer 78

1. electron carriers power protein pumps 2. protein pumps pump H+ (protons) across membrane into intermembrane 3. a concentration gradient is created 4. e- flow through pumps and attach to O2 creating H2O 5. Chemiosmosis

Question 79

how does chemiosmosis work?

Answer 79

protons want to go back across membrane into matrix since there are less protons on that side, but they can only flow through ATP synthase, so the ATP synthase harnesses the energy of flowing protons and makes ATP

Question 80

what does fermentation do?

Answer 80

convert pyruvate into alcohol or lactic acid (repeats glycolysis over and over to make atp) converts NADH back into NAD+ makes 2 ATP