Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Advanced > Unit 5 - Cellular Energy > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Cellular Energy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

heterotroph

A

cannot make their own food, must eat plants and animals for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

autotroph

A

can make their own food through photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adenosine triphosphate

A

atp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does ATP stand for

A

adenosine triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is ATP produced and stored

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does ATP do

A

carries energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is ATP made up of

A

one adenine molecule, a ribose sugar, and three phosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the energy in ATP stored

A

bonds, most between second and third phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adenosine diphosphate

A

adp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does adp stand for

A

adenosine diphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is adp formed

A

ATP loses a phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does ATP release energy

A

bond between second and third phosphate breaks and releases energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

catabolism

A

chemical reactions where molecules are broken down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anabolism

A

chemical reactions where molecules are built

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

metabolism

A

all chemical reactions in your body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

exergonic

A

reactions that release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

endergonic

A

reactions that require energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

phosphorylation

A

adding a phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hydrolysis

A

breaking down a molecule by adding water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do chloroplasts do

A

change energy from the sun into chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does chlorophyll do

A

helps a plant gather the sun’s energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

why do leaves change color

A

chlorophyll breaks down in fall due to less sunlight and accessory pigments show through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

examples of accessory pigments

A

xanthophyll, carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

thylakoids

A

small sacs stacked on top of each other in chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what do thylakoids do

A

stores chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

granum

A

stack of thylakoids, grana plural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

stroma

A

fluid that fills chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

chemical formula for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

reactants in photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

products in photosynthesis

A

glucose and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

reactants

A

things going into a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

products

A

things produced in a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

stomata

A

small openings on underside of leaves that allow for gas exchange

34
Q

where do the light reactions occur

A

thylakoids

35
Q

what goes into light reactions

A

water

36
Q

what comes out of light reactions

A

oxygen

37
Q

what is adp+p converted to during light reactions

A

atp

38
Q

what is nadp+ converted into during light reactions

A

nadph

39
Q

what is nadp+

A

coenzyme that carries electrons

40
Q

where does the Calvin cycle occur

A

stroma

41
Q

does the Calvin cycle need light

A

no

42
Q

what goes into the Calvin cyle

A

carbon dioxide

43
Q

what comes out of the calvin cycle

A

glucose

44
Q

what is ATP converted into during the Calvin cycle

A

adp+p

45
Q

what is nadph converted into during the Calvin cycle

A

nadp+

46
Q

what does the light reaction give off extra of

A

electrons

47
Q

where does the energy flow during photosynthesis

A

starts from the sun, goes into chloroplasts and into thylakoids, converted into ATP, then used to make sugar

48
Q

what is used to make glucose during the calvin cycle

A

carbon and atp

49
Q

how do light waves work

A

color reflected is the color you see and every other color is absorbed

50
Q

how do we express energy stored in food

A

calories

51
Q

which is the most calorie dense macromolecule

A

lipids

52
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

process where an organism uses oxygen and food to make energy

53
Q

where does cellular respiration occur

A

mitochondria

54
Q

what does the mitochondria do

A

produces atp

55
Q

what is the equation for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6CO2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

56
Q

what is fermentation

A

process that occurs when an organism doesn’t have enough oxygen but still needs to produce atp

57
Q

what are biproducts of fermentation

A

lactic acid, alcohol during alcoholic fermentation

58
Q

how many ATP does fermentation make

A

2

59
Q

what does aerobic mean

A

needs oxygen

60
Q

what does anaerobic mean

A

doesn’t need oxygen, takes place without oxygen

61
Q

is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic

A

anaerobic

62
Q

is cellular respiration aerobic or anaerobic

A

aerobic

63
Q

how many ATP molecules does cellular respiration make

A

38

64
Q

what is the order of steps during cellular respiration

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. Kreb’s cycle
  3. ETC chain
65
Q

where does glycolysis occur

A

cytoplasm of cell

66
Q

what happens during glycolysis

A

glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules

67
Q

which energy carrying molecules are produced during glycolysis

A

ATP and NADH

68
Q

how many ATP does glycolysis produce

A

2

69
Q

where does the Krebs cycle occur

A

matrix of mitochondria

70
Q

what goes into the Krebs cycle

A

pyruvate (now Acetyl CoA)

71
Q

which energy carrying molecules are produced during the Krebs cycle

A

ATP, NADH, and FADH2

72
Q

how many ATP does the krebs cycle produce

A

2

73
Q

where does the electron transport chain occur

A

along inner membrane of mitochondria

74
Q

what powers the ETC?

A

NADH and FADH2

75
Q

what goes into the ETC?

A

O2 (oxygen)

76
Q

what comes out of the ETC? (other than ATP)

A

H2O (water)

77
Q

how many ATP does the electron transport chain produce?

A

34

78
Q

what are the steps of the electron transport chain?

A
  1. electron carriers power protein pumps
  2. protein pumps pump H+ (protons) across membrane into intermembrane
  3. a concentration gradient is created
  4. e- flow through pumps and attach to O2 creating H2O
  5. Chemiosmosis
79
Q

how does chemiosmosis work?

A

protons want to go back across membrane into matrix since there are less protons on that side, but they can only flow through ATP synthase, so the ATP synthase harnesses the energy of flowing protons and makes ATP

80
Q

what does fermentation do?

A

convert pyruvate into alcohol or lactic acid (repeats glycolysis over and over to make atp)
converts NADH back into NAD+
makes 2 ATP

Biology Advanced (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions