Unit 8: Blood, heart and veins Flashcards
What does blood do?
- Carries nutrients and oxygen to cells and carries waste (CO2) away from the cell.
- Prevent Infections and blood loss
- Helps control and regulate body temperature, pH and volume
Blood components
- Blood cells
- plasma
- platelets
what is Plasma
- clear liquid
- 55% of blood volume
- 92% water, 7% protein, 1% dissolved solutes
Three proteins in plasma
- Albumins
- fibrinogen
- globulins
Albumins
- keeps water from leaving the blood
(osmotic pressure)
Fibrinogen
Used for blood clotting
Globulins
- transport proteins; some are antibodies
(Transport proteins)
“proteins that bind to and helps destroy a foreign substance in the body”
Antibodies
Do red blood cells have a nuclei? Why?
No, because they need space to carry hemoglobin.
(Adaptation)
What are red blood cells called?
Erythrocytes
Where are red blood cells created?
In the STEM cells found in red bone marrow of long bones.
Red blood cells shape, death, etc
- double concave shape
- contain hemoglobin
- Worn out RBC s are removed by liver and spleen (creates bile).
What is hemoglobin?
- protein found in the blood made up of iron (red color of blood)
- Carries O2 to cells and removes CO2
Function of Red blood cells
- transport O2 From lungs to cells
- transports CO2 from cells to lungs
Arteries/arterial blood
bright red (oxygenated blood)
Veins/Venus blood
Dark red (no/little oxygen)
What tissue is blood
type: blood
category: connective
What are White blood cells
Name: Leukocytes
- Larger than RBCs
- HAVE nucleus (can move around on their own)
- Less in numbers than RBCs
Function of WBCs
Fight foreign invaders and infections
Types of WBCs
1) Macrophages
2) Lymphocytes
Phagocytic cells that protect the body by engulfing and digesting foreign invaders
Macrophages: CHASE AND EAT
Non-Phagocytic cells that produce antibodies
Lymphocytes : CHEMICAL POSION
Types of Lymphocytes
1) T cells actively participates in immune response
2) B cells produce antibodies
Platelets
- Small pieces of cells found in the blood
- NO nuclei
- Live about 7 days
- Function: blood clotting process (platelet plug)
Very important thing about Platelets
HEMOSTASIS = Blood clot
NOT HOMEOSTASIS
What feedback system is use for blood clotting?
POSITIVE FEEDNBACK!!!
- pushing out of homeostasis
- rapid, self-amplifying response is needed.
What does Gene expression lead to?
cell differentiation
Arteries: Function
Carry blood AWAY from HEART at HIGH PRESSURE
Arteries: Structure of wall
Thick and Strong
(contains muscles, elastic fibers and fibrous tissue)
Arteries: Valves
HIGH pressure, no valves
Arteries: Lumen
NARROW
- varies with heart beat (increases as a pulse of blood passes through)
Arteries: Function fits purpose
-strength and elasticity: withstand pulsing and pressure of blood
- Helps maintain HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Arteries: Oxygen amount
Most arteries are highly oxygenated.
Veins: Function
Return BLOOD TO HEART at LOW PRESSURE
Veins: Structure
THIN
- wayyy less muscles and elastic tissue than arteries
- Mainly fibrous tissue
Veins: Lumen
WIDEEEEE
Veins: Valves
- HAS VALVES: to prevent backflow
Veins: Structure fits function
-Wide lumen=less resistance for blood flow
- No need for strong walls as majority of blood pressure has been lost
Veins: What happens when the valves don’t work properly?
Varicose veins: swelling of veins
Capillaries: Function
- SUPPLY CELLS with oxygen and nutrients and take away CO2 etc
- TO CELLS
Capillaries: Structure of wall
-VERY THIN, only ONE CELL Thick
Capillaries: Lumen
- VERY NARROW
- just wide enough for ONE RBC to pass through
- RBCS pass in a Single file line
Capillaries: Valves
NONE
Capillaries: Structure fits function
- no need for strong wall as MAJORITY BLOOD PRESSURE is LOST.
- THIN WALLS and Narrow LUMEN brings blood into close contact with the cells
- White blood cells can squeeze through the cells of the walls.
