Unit 8: Blood, heart and veins

Question 1

What does blood do?

Answer 1

• Carries nutrients and oxygen to cells and carries waste (CO2) away from the cell.
• Prevent Infections and blood loss
• Helps control and regulate body temperature, pH and volume

Question 2

Blood components

Answer 2

• Blood cells
• plasma
• platelets

Question 3

what is Plasma

Answer 3

• clear liquid
• 55% of blood volume
• 92% water, 7% protein, 1% dissolved solutes

Question 4

Three proteins in plasma

Answer 4

• Albumins
• fibrinogen
• globulins

Question 5

Albumins

Answer 5

• keeps water from leaving the blood
  (osmotic pressure)

Question 6

Fibrinogen

Answer 6

Used for blood clotting

Question 7

Globulins

Answer 7

• transport proteins; some are antibodies
  (Transport proteins)

Question 8

“proteins that bind to and helps destroy a foreign substance in the body”

Answer 8

Antibodies

Question 9

Do red blood cells have a nuclei? Why?

Answer 9

No, because they need space to carry hemoglobin.
(Adaptation)

Question 10

What are red blood cells called?

Answer 10

Erythrocytes

Question 11

Where are red blood cells created?

Answer 11

In the STEM cells found in red bone marrow of long bones.

Question 12

Red blood cells shape, death, etc

Answer 12

• double concave shape
• contain hemoglobin
• Worn out RBC s are removed by liver and spleen (creates bile).

Question 13

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 13

• protein found in the blood made up of iron (red color of blood)
• Carries O2 to cells and removes CO2

Question 14

Function of Red blood cells

Answer 14

• transport O2 From lungs to cells
• transports CO2 from cells to lungs

Question 15

Arteries/arterial blood

Answer 15

bright red (oxygenated blood)

Question 16

Veins/Venus blood

Answer 16

Dark red (no/little oxygen)

Question 17

What tissue is blood

Answer 17

type: blood
category: connective

Question 18

What are White blood cells

Answer 18

Name: Leukocytes
- Larger than RBCs
- HAVE nucleus (can move around on their own)
- Less in numbers than RBCs

Question 19

Function of WBCs

Answer 19

Fight foreign invaders and infections

Question 20

Types of WBCs

Answer 20

1) Macrophages
2) Lymphocytes

Question 21

Phagocytic cells that protect the body by engulfing and digesting foreign invaders

Answer 21

Macrophages: CHASE AND EAT

Question 22

Non-Phagocytic cells that produce antibodies

Answer 22

Lymphocytes : CHEMICAL POSION

Question 23

Types of Lymphocytes

Answer 23

1) T cells actively participates in immune response
2) B cells produce antibodies

Question 24

Platelets

Answer 24

• Small pieces of cells found in the blood
• NO nuclei
• Live about 7 days
• Function: blood clotting process (platelet plug)

Question 25

Very important thing about Platelets

Answer 25

HEMOSTASIS = Blood clot **NOT HOMEOSTASIS**

Question 26

What feedback system is use for blood clotting?

Answer 26

POSITIVE FEEDNBACK!!! - pushing out of homeostasis - rapid, self-amplifying response is needed.

Question 27

What does Gene expression lead to?

Answer 27

cell differentiation

Question 28

Arteries: Function

Answer 28

Carry blood AWAY from HEART at HIGH PRESSURE

Question 29

Arteries: Structure of wall

Answer 29

Thick and Strong (contains muscles, elastic fibers and fibrous tissue)

Question 30

Arteries: Valves

Answer 30

HIGH pressure, no valves

Question 31

Arteries: Lumen

Answer 31

NARROW - varies with heart beat (increases as a pulse of blood passes through)

Question 32

Arteries: Function fits purpose

Answer 32

-strength and elasticity: withstand pulsing and pressure of blood - Helps maintain HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

Question 33

Arteries: Oxygen amount

Answer 33

Most arteries are highly oxygenated.

Question 34

Veins: Function

Answer 34

Return BLOOD TO HEART at LOW PRESSURE

Question 35

Veins: Structure

Answer 35

THIN - wayyy less muscles and elastic tissue than arteries - Mainly fibrous tissue

Question 36

Veins: Lumen

Answer 36

WIDEEEEE

Question 37

Veins: Valves

Answer 37

- HAS VALVES: to prevent backflow

Question 38

Veins: Structure fits function

Answer 38

-Wide lumen=less resistance for blood flow - No need for strong walls as majority of blood pressure has been lost

Question 39

Veins: What happens when the valves don't work properly?

Answer 39

Varicose veins: swelling of veins

Question 40

Capillaries: Function

Answer 40

- SUPPLY CELLS with oxygen and nutrients and take away CO2 etc - TO CELLS

Question 41

Capillaries: Structure of wall

Answer 41

-VERY THIN, only ONE CELL Thick

Question 42

Capillaries: Lumen

Answer 42

- VERY NARROW - just wide enough for ONE RBC to pass through - RBCS pass in a Single file line

Question 43

Capillaries: Valves

Answer 43

NONE

Question 44

Capillaries: Structure fits function

Answer 44

- no need for strong wall as MAJORITY BLOOD PRESSURE is LOST. - THIN WALLS and Narrow LUMEN brings blood into close contact with the cells - White blood cells can squeeze through the cells of the walls.