Tissues Flashcards
Inside and out side surfaces
Main glandular tissue’s secretion
Cells laid out in sheets with strong connections/attachments
Cells packed tightly together
Epithelial tissues
Attached to underlying connective tissue by no cellular, nonliving (fibers and glue) basement membrane.
Epithelial tissue
The tissue that performs the epithelial organ’s function
Parenchyma ( the actual cells)
The tissue that supports the organ’s function
Stroma ( connective tissue)
Outside the cell network; typically exposed to world around it
Lumen
thin, fibrous, extracellular matric tissue that seperates the lining of an internal or external body surface from underlying connective tissue
Basement membrane
Six specific types of epithelial tissues categorized based on their ———– and ————-.
shape and layering
we wont distinguish glandular epithelium because —–
it is the stratified cuboidal or columnar type.
——— single layer (simple) of thin, flattened cells (squamous)
Function is ——-
Found in ——-
Simple squamous,
Diffusion and filtration
Air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries (very thin blood lining at the cell level)
Single layer, cube-shaped cells
Function is ——–
Found in
Simple cuboidal
secretion and absorption
lining of kidney tubulues, ducts/glands, covering surface of ovaries.
——–single layer, elongated cells with their nuclei in the same position ( usually near the basement membrane)
Function is ——
Found in the ——
Columnar
Secretion and absorption
lining of digestive tract and uterus
contains scatter ———– functioning in the secretion of mucus
Goblet cells
tiny finger like processes from their free surface- increase surface for absorption
Microvilli
help movement of particles
Cilia
multilayered squamous cells
Function is——
Found in —–
stratified squamous
protection
Lining body cavities like skin, mouth, anus and vagina
Appear “ stratifies” but really a single layer with uneven nuclei giving the appearance of layered cells- uneven assortment of nuclei
pseudostratified
tiny, hair like projections for sweeping materials along a surface
Function is —–
ciliated
secretion, ciliated movement
pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells contains ———
location is —-
goblet cells,
lining of the air passages and tubes of the respiratory tract,, also in reproductive track
thick, layered cuboidal cells———
Function is ——–
Found in ——
Transitional Epithelium
Contract and stretch to form a barrier to block diffusion ( no leaking) and block infection.
Lining of bladder and genital tract, urinary system
Most abundant tissue in the body, found throughout every system, sticks and shiny, glide over tissues prevents friction;
Examples:
Connective Tissue (stroma)
cartilage, bursae, synovial fluid
Explain the functions of connective tissue
Connects structures, provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, helps repair tissues
1) connective tissue composed of ——
2) made up of ——–
3) most has a ——-with reproduce over —–
1) more scattered cells with abundant intracellular and extra cellular (matrix).
2) a ground substance ( fluid, semi-solid) and fibers.
3) blood supply, various time frames ( quick to basically never)
most common types of cells in the found in the connective tissue are
mast cells, macrophages, fibroblasts.
———– prevents blood clots, promote inflammation and initial start of immune response kind a like a first responders ) to pathogens, viral, bacterial infections, bee stings and more
mast cells
They are phagocytic cells, function as engulfing and digesting the pathogens, clearing out debris and dead cells, stimulate other cells involved in immune function
macrophages
most abundant and produce protein fibers, key component of the connective tissues, maintain extracellular matrix, healing wound, responding to stress, and also easy to grow in culture
Fibroblasts
1) major structural protein in the body, thick, made of protein collagen, appear in long parallel bundles, strong and somewhat flexible but not very elastic, also known as white fibers.
2) location
Collagenous fibers
large part of bones, tendons, ligaments
key component of the extracellular matrix, microfibrils in protein elastin, yellow fibers, not as strong but very flexible
2) Location:
elastic fibers
large component of vocal cords and ear drum, blood vessels, tip of the nose,
Categories of connective tissue are
1) Connective proper:
a) Loose Connective Proper:
a1) Areolar, a2) Adipose, a3) Reticular,
b) Dense Connective proper: b1) Regular, b2) irregular, b3) elastic
2) Cartilage: c1) hyaline, c2) fibrocartilage, c3) elastic
3) Bone: d1) compact, d2) Spongy
4) Blood
binds skin to organs, organs to organs, space between muscles, throughout body, found greatest quantity
Loose Connective tissue or Areolar Tissue
beneath skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, abdominal membranes.
Function is :——
the name of the cells are
Adipose tissue, aka fat
protect, insulation to preserve, heat,
adipocytes
dense, closely packed, thick collagenous fibers and fine network of elastic fibers.
connects muscles to bones are called —–
connects bones to bones are called ——-
Fibrous
tendons
ligaments
the reason slow healing at the fibrous tissue
because few cells and poor blood supply
name of the protein complex found the cartilage
Chondromuco protein matrix
all cartilage cells are called as
Chondrocytes
what is the function cartilage
flexible and strong =, provides support and protection
Types of cartilage are
1) hyaline, 2) Elastic, 3) Fibrocartilage
very fine white (collagenous) fibers, most common type of cartilage, covers the ends of bones and joints, nose, respiratory passages, model for bone growth.
Hyaline cartilage
more flexible and elastic
Located at ——,
elastic cartilage
external ear and larynx (vocal cords)
very dense, large numerous collagenous fibers, can withstand lots of pressure, looks like an acordion
located at—–
fibrocartilage
intervertebral, menisci (meniscus), temporomandibular joint, clavicle and sternum
osseous tissue, rigid due to salt mineralization,
what are the layer?—-
bone tissue
lamellae, haversian canals, osteocyctes
——–circulates throughout the body, transportation of ———-,
blood, nutrient
network of cells, remove dead or abnormal cells, tissues, foreign substances, destruction of large quantities of toxins and other particles, heterogenous population of phagocytic cells,
location:
reticuloendothelial ( Immune phagothelial cells)
spleen, lymphnodes (tonsils), liver,
types of tissues are:
epithelial tissue, connective, muscle and nervous
voluntary and involuntary, contracts to provide movement, extensibility ( able to stretch), elasticity ( able to recoil back into its original position), excitability
muscle tissue
voluntary movement, attached to the bone, striated -muscle filaments overlap-
skeletal muscles
involuntary movement, more intense, more stretched cells, made up of sheets or chains of spindle cells, apply pressure to the organ or vessel
smooth muscle,
smooth muscles are located at
hallow organs such as gastrointestinal tract, stomach, urinary tract, uterus
which organ has both skeletal muscle and smooth muscle
esophagus- upper part is skeletal muscle lower part is smooth muscle
wall of the heart is —-type of muscle
specialties ( features) of it are:
cardiac muscle
made up of cardiomyocytes, cells are striated, single nucleus in the center of the cell, branched type, only exist in the heart, intercalated discs
the function of intercalated discs is—–
they are gap junctions, cell communication for correlated cell communication, bind cardiac muscles together,
found in brain, spinal cord, nerves
nervous tissue
nervous tissue consists of
neurons and glial cells (neuroglia)
responsible from transmitting electrical pulses, electrochemical signals
Neurons
