Unit 11 & 12: Digestive and Urinary System

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

proccess by which food is broken down by the digestive system into small nutrients to be absorbed by the body.

Question 2

Nutrients (Biomolecules)

Answer 2

Tiny molecules that are broken down from large molecules to be absorbed and used by the body cells.

Question 3

Chewing of food

Answer 3

Mastation

Question 4

Squeezing and te movign of food along the alimentary canal (digestive tract)

Answer 4

Peristalsis

Question 5

Digestion

Answer 5

Breaking down of ingested food, absorption of nutrients into blood.

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

Production of Cellular energy (ATP)

Question 7

Carbohydrates
1) Monomer
2) Structure
3) Elements
4) Examples
5) Functions

Answer 7

Carbohydrates
1) Monosaccarides
2) Hexagon/pentagon
3) CHO (1:2:1)
4) Glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, dextrose
5) Short term energy

Question 8

Lipids (Fats)
1) Monomer
2) Structure
3) Elements
4) Examples
5) Functions

Answer 8

Lipids
1) Triglycerides or fatty acids
2) +—-
3) CHO; wayyy less O2 tho
4) Triglyerides, Phospholipids
5) Protection, long term energy, heat production

Question 9

Proteins
1) Monomer
2) Structure
3) Elements
4) Examples
5) Functions

Answer 9

Proteins
1) Amino Acids
2) >+<
3) CHON
4) Hair, Bone, muscles, meat
5) Enzymes, hormones, immune, movement, support.

Question 10

Nucleic acids
2) 1) Monomer
2) Structure
3) Elements
4) Examples
5) Functions

Answer 10

Nucleic Acids:
1) Nucleotides
2) pentagon–hexagon
3) CHONP
4) DNA/RNA
5) Blue print for proteins

Question 11

Chemical process that breaks down polymers/macromolecules:

Answer 11

Hydrolysis

Question 12

Why do we eat?

Answer 12

1) Food has chemical energy stored in it
2) The energy is released by breaking the food downm in the digestive system.

Question 13

Two ways the body uses energy:

Answer 13

1) Chemical to Mechanical energy (movement)

2) Chemical to Thermal energy
(body heat)

Question 14

How is energy for cells created (cellular level):

Answer 14

1) ATP released when the last attached (3rd one) phosphate is removed (2 are left).
ADP —->ATP

Question 15

Alimentary canal:

Answer 15

Pathway in which food enters and waste is expelled.

Question 16

Organs of the Alimentary canal:

Answer 16

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestines, Large Intestines, Anus.

Question 17

Accessory organs:

Answer 17

Salivary Glands, Teeth, pancrease, liver, gall bladder.

Question 18

Mechanical vs Chemical digestion

Answer 18

Physicallly altered vs chemically altered

Question 19

What type of digestion is peristalsis:

Answer 19

Mechanical

Question 20

Mouth anatomy

Tongue:

Answer 20

• Smashing food
• taste- gustatory buds
• moving food

Question 21

Mouth anatomy

Hard palet

Answer 21

• forms the anterior roof: smashing

Question 22

Mouth anatomy

Soft palate

Answer 22

• Forms the posterior of the roof: Guides down to esophagus

Question 23

Mouth anatomy

Uvula

Answer 23

• fleshy projection of the soft pallet

Question 24

Mouth anatomy

Teeth

Answer 24

• To masicate (chew) food
• chew, tear, mash, mix, crush

Question 25

Mouth anatomy

Salivary Glands

Answer 25

• Saliva producing glands
• ## Saliva with Amylase (breaks down starches/carbs)

Question 25

Location of Salivary Glands:

Answer 25

• Parotide glands- located anterior to ears
• Submandible glands
• Subliungual glands

Question 27

Pharynx Function

Answer 27

• Passageway for air and food
• Epiglottis- routes food and water towards esophagus via persitalsis pushing.