Unit 8 (1945-1980) Flashcards
1945-1980
What was the Baby Boom?
A significant increase in birth rates following World War II.
What is containment?
A U.S. policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism during the Cold War.
What is xenophobia?
An irrational fear or dislike of people from other countries.
What was the Civil Rights Movement?
A struggle for social justice and equality for African Americans during the 1950s and 1960s.
What is counterculture?
A social movement in the 1960s characterized by protests and distrust of the government.
What does reform mean?
Changes aimed at improving social, political, or economic conditions.
How did capitalism relate to the Marshall Plan?
The Marshall Plan was a U.S. initiative to aid post-war Europe, promoting capitalism and economic recovery.
What was the Space Race?
A competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for supremacy in space exploration, leading to the moon landing.
What was the Highway Act?
Legislation that funded the construction of the Interstate Highway System in the U.S.
How did TV and technology impact education?
Increased access to information and educational programming, shaping public knowledge.
What is the significance of oil trade?
A crucial factor in the global economy, influencing U.S. foreign policy and domestic issues.
What were environmental disasters?
Events causing significant harm to the environment, raising awareness of ecological issues.
What was the Green Revolution?
A period of agricultural transformation that increased food production; led to the creation of the EPA and awareness from “Silent Spring.”
What are Levittowns?
Planned suburban communities created for white, middle-class families post-World War II.
What is the difference between the Sun Belt and Rust Belt?
The Sun Belt refers to the southern U.S. known for growth, while the Rust Belt refers to the northeastern U.S. known for declining industries.
What were the new immigration laws?
Legislation that reformed immigration policies in the U.S. during the mid-20th century.
What does desegregation mean?
The process of ending the separation of races, particularly in schools and public places.
What was the Civil Rights Act?
A landmark law prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
What is the Equal Pay Act?
A law aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex.
What was the Voting Rights Act?
Legislation aimed at eliminating barriers to voting for African Americans.
What is Title IX?
A law prohibiting discrimination based on sex in education programs receiving federal funding.
What was LBJ’s Great Society?
A series of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.
What does 1960s liberalism refer to?
A political ideology advocating for civil rights, social justice, and government action to address social issues.
What events led to distrust in the 1970s?
Watergate, stagflation, and the Iran Hostage Crisis created skepticism towards the government.
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
A 1962 confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.
What were Cold War proxy conflicts?
Indirect conflicts where the U.S. and Soviet Union supported opposing sides, like in Korea and Vietnam.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
A U.S. policy to provide support to countries resisting communism, based on the domino theory.
What is Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)?
A military strategy where both sides possess enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other, deterring attacks.
What was the Energy Crisis of the 1970s?
A period of fuel shortages and rising prices due to conflicts in the Middle East and oil embargoes.
Who were key figures in the Civil Rights Movement?
Leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, and groups like the Black Panthers.
What is modern feminism?
A movement advocating for women’s rights, including issues like birth control and equal rights, exemplified by Roe v. Wade.
What is white flight?
The phenomenon of white families moving out of urban areas as minorities moved in, often leading to segregation.
What was the Second Red Scare?
A period of heightened fear of communism in the U.S. during the late 1940s and 1950s.
What was the significance of rock music and the hippie movement?
These cultural movements in the 1960s challenged societal norms and promoted peace and love.
What were anti-war protests?
Demonstrations against U.S. involvement in wars, particularly the Vietnam War, highlighted by the release of the Pentagon Papers.
What was the post-war growth period?
Economic expansion in the U.S. following World War II, marked by increased consumerism and industrial production.
What is black nationalism?
A political and social movement advocating for the interests and culture of black Americans.
What was the United Farm Workers?
A labor union representing farmworkers, advocating for better working conditions and wages.
What is the American Indian Movement (AIM)?
A movement focused on Native American rights and sovereignty.
What was the Stonewall uprising?
A pivotal event in 1969 that sparked the LGBTQ+ rights movement.
What is the sexual revolution?
A social movement in the 1960s and 1970s promoting sexual freedom and challenging traditional norms.
What is the difference between hawks and doves?
Hawks advocate for military action, while doves prefer diplomatic solutions to conflicts.
What is the Beat Movement?
A cultural movement in the 1950s that rejected conventional values and embraced alternative lifestyles.
