Unit 6 (1865-1920) Flashcards
1890-1945
Q: How did more women attend college during the Gilded Age?
A: Increased advocacy for women’s education and higher education institutions began accepting women.
Q: How did the middle class grow during this period?
A: Industrialization and urbanization created more jobs and opportunities, leading to a larger middle class.
Q: What is the Social Gospel movement?
A: A religious movement that aimed to address social issues and promote justice and equality.
Q: What is Social Darwinism?
A: A belief that social and economic success is a result of natural selection, often used to justify inequality.
Q: What is consumer culture?
A: A societal focus on the acquisition of goods and services, driven by advertising and mass production.
Q: What does assimilation refer to?
A: The process of integrating immigrants and minority groups into the dominant culture.
Q: What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
A: A federal law aimed at preventing monopolies and promoting competition in business.
Q: What was the Gilded Age?
A: A period of rapid economic growth and social change in the late 19th century, marked by wealth inequality and political corruption.
Q: What was the Homestead Act?
A: A law that granted 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee, encouraging westward expansion.
Q: What was westward expansion?
A: The movement of settlers into the western territories of the U.S., driven by the desire for land and resources.
Q: What was the Transcontinental Railroad?
A: A railway system that connected the eastern U.S. to the western territories, facilitating trade and travel.
Q: What was the Pendleton Act?
A: A law that established a merit-based system for federal employment, reducing political patronage.
Q: What was the Carlisle Indian School?
A: A school aimed at assimilating Native American children into American culture through education.
Q: Who were the Titans of Industry?
A: Influential business leaders like Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Vanderbilt who dominated industries.
Q: How did workers’ unions challenge large corporations?
A: Unions organized workers to negotiate better wages, hours, and working conditions against corporate power.
Q: What does U.S. imperialism entail?
A: The policy of extending a nation’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force, often for resources and markets.
Q: What are ethnic enclaves?
A: Communities where immigrants of the same nationality or ethnicity live together, preserving their cultural identity.
Q: What was the Dawes Act?
A: A law aimed at assimilating Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land and promoting farming.
Q: What is new immigration?
A: The influx of Southern and Eastern European immigrants to the U.S. in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Q: Who was Commodore Matthew Perry?
A: A naval officer who opened trade relations between the U.S. and Japan in the mid-1800s.
Q: What does urbanization refer to?
A: The movement of people from rural areas to cities, leading to city growth and changes in demographics.
Q: What is industrial capitalism?
A: An economic system where private businesses own and operate the means of production for profit.
Q: What characterized the Second Industrial Revolution?
A: Innovations in electricity, lightbulbs, chemicals, telephones, radio, and automobiles.
