Unit 4 (1800-1848) Flashcards
1800-1848
What was the Era of Good Feelings?
A period of political harmony in the United States following the War of 1812
Characterized by the decline of the Federalist Party and increased nationalism.
What economic transformation occurred during the Market Revolution?
Shift towards capitalism
This transformation involved significant changes in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation.
Define Manifest Destiny.
The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable
It was a belief that the US was destined to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean.
What does American Exceptionalism refer to?
The belief that the United States is inherently different from other nations
This concept emphasizes the unique mission of the US to spread democracy and freedom.
What movements were part of the reform era?
- Abolition
- Suffrage
- Temperance
These movements aimed at social change and addressing various injustices.
What was the 2nd Great Awakening?
A religious revival movement in the early 19th century
It led to increased church membership and the rise of new denominations.
Name two key inventions of the Industrialization era.
- Steam engine
- Cotton gin
These inventions significantly impacted production processes and efficiency.
What was the Panic of 1819?
The first major financial crisis in the United States
It resulted in widespread economic distress and bank failures.
What was significant about the Louisiana Purchase?
It doubled the size of the United States
Acquired from France in 1803, it significantly expanded US territory.
What event marked the beginning of the California Gold Rush?
Discovery of gold and precious minerals in California
It began in 1848 and led to a massive influx of settlers.
What was the Oregon Trail?
A major route used by settlers traveling west to Oregon
It was crucial for westward expansion in the mid-1800s.
What characterized the Southern agricultural economy?
Reliance on plantation agriculture and slave labor
Key crops included cotton, tobacco, and sugar.
Who were part of the old immigration wave (1820s-1840s)?
- Germans
- Irish
These groups migrated to the United States for various reasons, including economic opportunity and escaping persecution.
What were the push factors for immigration during this period?
- Religious freedom
- Political freedom
- Irish potato famine
These factors drove many to leave their home countries.
What were the pull factors for immigration?
- Economic opportunity
The promise of jobs and a better life attracted many immigrants to the US.
Name two major political party divisions in early American politics.
- Federalists/Anti-Federalists
- Whigs/Democrats
These parties represented differing ideologies and approaches to governance.
What was the Trail of Tears?
The forced relocation of Native Americans from their ancestral lands
This event resulted in significant suffering and loss of life.
What did the Embargo Act do?
Prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports
Implemented in 1807, it aimed to protect US interests but harmed the economy.
What was the Nullification Crisis?
A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government over tariffs
It highlighted the tensions between state and federal authority.
What treaty ended the Mexican-American War?
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Signed in 1848, it resulted in significant territorial gains for the US.
What was the Missouri Compromise?
An agreement to maintain the balance of power between slave and free states
It allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
A US policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas
Declared in 1823, it asserted US influence in the Western Hemisphere.
What was the Indian Removal Act?
Legislation that facilitated the forced removal of Native Americans
It led to the Trail of Tears and loss of Native lands.
What was the result of the Mexican-American War?
The Mexican Cession
The US acquired present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico.
Define Transcendentalism.
A philosophical movement emphasizing individual intuition and spirituality
It was a reaction against rationalism and organized religion.
Who was Dorothea Dix?
An advocate for prison reform and mental health care
She worked to improve conditions for the mentally ill in the 19th century.
What was Horace Mann known for?
Education reform and establishment of free public schools
He is often referred to as the ‘Father of the American Public School System.’
What was the significance of Seneca Falls?
The first women’s rights convention in the US
Held in 1848, it marked the beginning of the women’s suffrage movement.
What were Utopian movements?
Social movements aiming to create ideal communities
They sought to address social issues through cooperative living and shared values.
What characterized the Southern plantation aristocracy?
Wealthy landowners who controlled large plantations and relied on slave labor
This social structure played a significant role in the Southern economy.
Who were the Northern business elites?
Wealthy industrialists and entrepreneurs in the North
They were influential in shaping the economy and politics of the region.
What was significant about Lowell Mills?
They marked the entry of women into the workforce
These textile mills employed young women from rural areas.
What was the nature of anti-slavery resistance?
Efforts to oppose and abolish slavery in the United States
Included various movements and actions, such as the Underground Railroad.
