Unit 1 (1491-1607) Flashcards
1491-1607
What year marks the flourishing of Pre-Columbian societies?
1491
In what year did Columbus reach the Americas?
1492
What significant event occurred in 1607?
Founding of Jamestown, the first permanent English colony
Who initiated European colonization?
Christopher Columbus
Who was an advocate for Native rights?
Bartolome de las Casas
What labor system exploited Native Americans in Spanish colonies?
Encomienda System
What economic theory drove European colonization?
Mercantilism
What type of companies funded English colonization efforts?
Joint-Stock Companies
What are the three main motivations for the Age of Exploration?
God, glory, gold
These motivations drove European exploration and colonization efforts.
What term refers to the exchange of crops, disease, and peoples between the Old World and the New World?
Columbian Exchange
This exchange had profound effects on both continents.
What type of ship was significant for Portuguese exploration?
Portuguese caraval
The caraval was a highly maneuverable ship used for exploration.
What economic structure allowed for investment in colonial ventures through shared risk?
Joint-stock companies
These companies were essential for funding and managing colonial enterprises.
What was the primary lifestyle of the Great Plains Native Americans, such as the Sioux?
Nomadism
Nomadic tribes followed buffalo herds for sustenance.
Which crop was crucial to the Pueblo peoples in the Southwest?
Maize
Maize was a staple crop that supported complex societies.
What type of subsistence strategy did the Cherokee and Creek tribes primarily rely on?
Agriculture
These tribes practiced farming and settled communities.
What were the primary subsistence strategies of Southeast and Northwest Native American tribes?
Hunting/Gathering
These strategies were adapted to their local environments.
What factor contributed to the diverse societies of Native Americans?
Cultural/environmental differences
Variability in geography and resources shaped distinct societies.
What European legal practice influenced migration to the Americas?
Primogeniture laws
These laws dictated inheritance practices, prompting younger sons to seek fortunes abroad.
True or False: Europeans and Native Americans had similar worldviews.
False
Differences in beliefs led to varied diplomatic and military interactions.
What system was established by the Spanish to regulate labor and land in the Americas?
Encomienda
This system granted colonists the rights to indigenous labor in exchange for protection.
What was one of the consequences of Spanish conquest in the New World?
Wealth, spread Christianity, conquer territory
These outcomes were significant goals for the conquistadors.
What social hierarchy was established by the Spanish in their colonies?
Spanish caste system
This system categorized people based on race and origin.
What term describes the distinct identities formed by Native American tribes in different regions?
Regional Native American identities
These identities were shaped by local cultures and environments.
What role did conquistadors play during the Age of Exploration?
Conquistadors were explorers and soldiers who sought to conquer new lands
They were instrumental in the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Transfer of animals, plants, slaves across Atlantic region
This exchange significantly impacted the economies and cultures of both the Old and New Worlds.
What was the purpose of the Jamestown settlement?
Gold
Jamestown was the first English settlement in the Americas, established in 1607.
What challenges did the Jamestown settlers face?
Starvation due to lack of women and domestic tasks
Many settlers were wealthy males focused on mining rather than agriculture.
Who was Captain John Smith?
Leader who fostered relations with Natives
He played a crucial role in the survival of the Jamestown colony.
What did Natives teach the Jamestown settlers?
How to plant crops
This knowledge was vital for the settlers’ survival during periods of starvation.
What was the Plymouth settlement started by?
Puritans
The Puritans sought to establish a community based on their religious beliefs.
What did the Puritans believe in?
Calvinist predestination
They aimed to purify the Anglican Church and establish a religious society.
What was the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
A settlement established by Puritans
This colony was characterized by the intertwining of religion and governance.
How were religion and state connected in Puritan communities?
Leaders were often religiously devoted; laws were religion-based
This created a theocratic governance structure.
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
A rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon in 1676
It was driven by dissatisfaction among freed indentured servants.
What caused Bacon’s Rebellion?
Large number of unsatisfied, newly freed indentured servants
They faced limited land availability and starvation.
What was the result of Bacon’s Rebellion?
Indentured servants were no longer trusted as a good source of labor
This led to a shift toward using enslaved Africans for labor.
Fill in the blank: The colonies were limited to a certain amount of land east of the _______.
Mississippi River
This restriction contributed to land shortages for freed servants.
