Unit 7 (1890-1929) Flashcards
What is the significance of the Reform and the 19th Amendment?
The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote, marking a major victory for the women’s suffrage movement.
How are imperialism and nationalism related?
Imperialism drives nations to expand their influence, often fueled by nationalist sentiments of superiority and competition.
What marked the end of isolationism for the U.S. during WWI?
The U.S. entered World War I, abandoning its previous policy of avoiding involvement in foreign conflicts.
What characterized the Roaring 20s?
An era of economic prosperity, cultural change, and social upheaval in the U.S. during the 1920s.
What is rugged individualism?
The belief that individuals should be self-reliant and responsible for their own success, often associated with American values.
What were the economic struggles and recovery efforts during the Great Depression?
Severe economic downturn leading to widespread unemployment, followed by recovery efforts through programs like the New Deal.
How did the U.S. become a superpower?
Post-WWII economic and military strength established the U.S. as a leading global power.
What is the assembly line?
A manufacturing process that increases efficiency by moving products through a series of workstations.
What does stock-based economy refer to?
An economy where businesses rely heavily on stock sales and investments, often leading to increased debt.
How did the Great Depression lead to the New Deal?
The economic crisis prompted FDR to implement the New Deal, a series of programs aimed at relief, recovery, and reform.
What technological advancements emerged during this period?
Innovations like airplanes, cameras, and mass production techniques for newspapers.
What are examples of nuclear/atomic warfare technology?
Weapons such as atomic bombs, machine guns, and submarines that changed the nature of warfare.
What was Theodore Roosevelt’s approach to conservationism?
Advocated for the protection of natural resources and established national parks.
Who was John Muir and what was his contribution?
A naturalist who championed preservationism and played a key role in the establishment of national parks.
What is the significance of National Parks?
Protected areas established to conserve natural beauty and wildlife, reflecting conservationist efforts.
What was the result of the Spanish-American War?
The U.S. gained new territories in the Caribbean and Pacific, marking its emergence as an imperial power.
How did the Great Depression contribute to the creation of shantytowns?
Economic hardship forced many people into makeshift homes known as Hoovervilles, named after President Hoover.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
A law passed in 1882 that prohibited Chinese laborers from immigrating to the U.S., reflecting nativist sentiments.
What were the Immigration Quotas of 1921 and 1924?
Laws that limited immigration from certain countries, favoring northern and western Europeans over others.
What was the Great Migration?
The movement of African Americans from the rural South to urban industrial jobs in the North and West during WWII.
What characterized the Progressive Era?
A period of social activism and political reform aimed at addressing issues like moral reform, democracy, and economic inequality.
What is Prohibition?
The nationwide ban on the sale, production, and transportation of alcohol in the U.S. from 1920 to 1933.
What was the U.S. stance on isolationism during WWI?
The U.S. initially avoided involvement in WWI but later engaged under President Wilson’s leadership.
What were Wilson’s 14 Points?
A set of principles for peace negotiations at the end of WWI, emphasizing self-determination and international cooperation.
What were FDR’s New Deal and Fair Employment initiatives?
Programs aimed at providing relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression, promoting employment equity.
What was Executive Order 9066 during WWII?
An order that led to the internment of Japanese Americans in camps, justified by national security concerns.
What was the outcome of Allied victory in WWII?
The establishment of international organizations like the UN, IMF, and World Bank to promote peace and economic stability.
What was the annexation of Hawaii?
The U.S. formally incorporated Hawaii as a territory in 1898, following its strategic significance in the Pacific.
What was the impact of the Spanish-American War?
It marked a turning point for U.S. expansionism and imperialism, leading to the acquisition of territories.
What is “big-stick diplomacy”?
Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy approach that emphasized military strength to influence Latin America and secure the Panama Canal.
What was the Zimmermann Telegram?
A secret communication from Germany to Mexico proposing a military alliance, prompting the U.S. to enter WWI.
What was the League of Nations?
An international organization established after WWI to promote peace and cooperation among countries.
What was the Russian Revolution’s impact on the U.S.?
It heightened fears of communism and led to anti-communist sentiments in the U.S. during the Red Scare.
What was the significance of Pearl Harbor?
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, led to U.S. entry into WWII.
What does “Lost Generation” refer to?
A group of American writers and artists who felt disillusioned by the aftermath of WWI and societal changes.
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A cultural movement in the 1920s celebrating African American culture, particularly in music (jazz, blues) and literature.
Who were the muckrakers?
Journalists and social activists who exposed corruption and social injustices during the Progressive Era.
What role did mass media play during this time?
It facilitated communication and connection, exemplified by FDR’s fireside chats to engage the public.
What was the Spanish Flu?
A global influenza pandemic in 1918-1919 that infected a third of the world’s population, resulting in millions of deaths.
What were flappers?
Young women in the 1920s who challenged traditional norms through fashion, behavior, and attitudes.
What was the Red Scare (1917-1920)?
A period of intense fear of communism and radical leftist ideologies in the U.S. following the Russian Revolution.
What was the Scopes Trial?
A 1925 legal case challenging the Butler Act, which prohibited teaching evolution in schools.
What was the KKK?
The Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist organization that re-emerged in the 1920s, promoting nativism and racial segregation.
What is nativism?
A political ideology favoring the interests of native-born citizens over immigrants, often leading to discriminatory policies.
Who was “Rosie the Riveter”?
A cultural icon representing women who worked in factories during WWII, symbolizing their contributions to the war effort.
What was the Women’s Army Corps?
A U.S. Army unit that allowed women to serve in non-combat roles during WWII, expanding women’s participation in the military.
What are victory gardens?
Home gardens cultivated during WWII to increase food production and support the war effort.
What was the Braceros Program?
A U.S. government program that allowed Mexican laborers to work in the U.S. during WWII to fill labor shortages.
Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?
The first African American military pilots who fought in WWII, known for their bravery and success in combat.
What was the “Double V” Campaign?
A campaign advocating for victory against fascism abroad and racial discrimination at home during WWII.
What was the impact of WWII Japanese Internment?
The forced relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, reflecting wartime prejudice and civil rights violations.
How did wartime technology and mobilization change gender roles?
The war effort opened job opportunities for women and minorities, challenging traditional gender and racial roles in society.
What is mass culture?
The shared experiences and cultural phenomena created by mass media, shaping public opinion and societal norms.
