Unit 2 (1754-1800) Flashcards
1754-1800
What was the 1st Great Awakening?
A religious revival that swept through the colonies in the 18th century
It emphasized individual piety and a personal relationship with God.
What are regional colonial identities?
Distinct social and cultural characteristics of different colonial regions
Includes variations in economy, religion, and governance.
What is the Enlightenment?
An intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism
It influenced colonial political thought.
What were the main components of transatlantic trade?
Slaves, raw materials, finished goods
This trade was foundational to the colonial economy.
Define mercantilism.
Economic theory that trade generates wealth, and government should regulate the economy
Aimed at increasing a nation’s wealth through a positive balance of trade.
What characterized New England’s economy?
Subsistence farming
Focused on small-scale agriculture to meet the needs of local families.
What was the Middle Colonies’ economy known for?
Breadbasket; cereal crops/grains
The region produced a surplus of grains for export.
What type of crops were prominent in the Southern Colonies?
Cash crops (tobacco)
Cash crops were primarily grown for export and profit.
What is significant about Jamestown?
First permanent English settlement in North America
Founded in 1607, it marked the beginning of the British colonization.
What role did the French and Dutch play in colonial America?
Engaged in fur trade, intermarriage, alliances
Their approach to colonization differed from the British.
What were the Navigation Acts?
Laws regulating colonial trade to benefit Britain
Aimed to control colonial commerce and ensure it benefited the British economy.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
An agreement to form a government among the Pilgrims
Established a form of self-governance in the New World.
Define salutary neglect.
British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws in the colonies
Allowed colonial autonomy and contributed to the development of self-governance.
What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?
The first elected legislative assembly in the American colonies
Established in 1619, it marked the beginning of representative government.
What was the Powhatan Confederacy?
A group of Native American tribes in Virginia
Played a crucial role in the early years of Jamestown.
Which European nations were involved in colonization?
British, French, Dutch, Spanish
Each nation had different approaches and impacts on indigenous populations.
What was the Glorious Revolution in Great Britain?
The overthrow of King James II in 1688
This event led to the establishment of constitutional monarchy.
What was the Pequot War?
A conflict between Pequot tribe and English settlers
Resulted in the near destruction of the Pequot tribe.
What was Metacom’s War?
A conflict between Native American inhabitants and English colonists
Also known as King Philip’s War, it was one of the bloodiest conflicts in colonial America.
What was the Pueblo Revolt?
A revolt by Pueblo people against Spanish colonization
Occurred in 1680 and successfully expelled the Spanish for a time.
Define pluralism.
A society characterized by a diversity of cultural and ethnic groups
Allowed for coexistence and interaction among different groups.
What were Praying Towns?
Settlements created by Puritans for Native Americans to adopt Christianity
Aimed at converting Native Americans and integrating them into colonial society.
Fill in the blank: Salutary neglect led to _______.
[republicanism]
What was the significance of the Zenger Trial?
Established the precedent for freedom of speech in America
John Peter Zenger was acquitted for libel against the colonial governor.
What forms of resistance did slaves employ?
Covert resistance (field hollers, breaking tools) and visible rebellion (Stono Rebellion)
These actions demonstrated the slaves’ desire for freedom and autonomy.
