Unit 5 (1848-1877) Flashcards
1848-1877
What was the primary conflict between the North and South?
Sectional tension over issues like states’ rights and slavery.
What led to the Civil War regarding states’ rights?
The debate over the balance of power between state governments and the federal Union.
What is emancipation?
The act of freeing enslaved people, notably during the Civil War.
What was Reconstruction?
The period after the Civil War focused on rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves into society.
What is the Bessemer process?
A method for producing steel efficiently, crucial for building railroads.
How did the North and South differ economically?
he North was industrialized with factories and infrastructure, while the South was primarily rural.
What does sectionalism refer to?
Political and geographic divisions between different regions of the U.S.
What was the outcome of the Civil War?
The preservation of the Union.
What is Manifest Destiny?
The belief that U.S. expansion across North America was justified and inevitable.
What was the Mexican Cession?
Territory ceded by Mexico to the U.S. after the Mexican-American War.
What was the Fugitive Slave Act?
A law that required the return of escaped slaves to their owners.
What do the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments address?
13th - abolished slavery; 14th - granted citizenship; 15th - voting rights.
Jim Crow Laws
Laws enforcing racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction.
What significant economic development occurred during the Industrial Age?
Continued economic prosperity, driven by industrial growth.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
An agreement that ended Reconstruction and withdrew federal troops from the South.
How did emancipation affect European involvement in the Civil War?
It kept European nations from supporting the Confederacy.
What was the Anaconda Plan?
A Union strategy to blockade and capture the Confederate states.
How were Natives and Mexicans oppressed in this period?
Through forced removal, wars, and discriminatory laws.
What was the Gadsden Purchase?
A land purchase from Mexico that facilitated southern transcontinental railroad construction.
What is anti-Catholic nativism?
A movement opposing Catholic immigrants, viewing them as a threat to American values.
What was the abolition movement?
A campaign to end slavery in the United States.
What forms of resistance to Reconstruction emerged in the South?
Sharecropping and voter suppression.
Free Soil
A political movement opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories, influencing the Republican Party.
Who were the secessionists?
Individuals or groups advocating for the South’s withdrawal from the Union.
How did emancipation lead to the establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
It was created to assist freed slaves in transitioning to freedom.
What was the outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson?
A: The Supreme Court upheld segregation laws under the “separate but equal” doctrine.
