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AP world > Unit 8 (1900-present) > Flashcards

Unit 8 (1900-present) Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

The Cold War has two sides _______ and ________. Both sides have ___.

A

Democratic capitalists (US) and Comunnist Dictatorships. Nuclear Weapons.

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2
Q

What is a proxy war? How many are there?

A

US is against one of Soviet Union’s allies or Soviet Union goes against one of US allies. Greater than 60.

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3
Q

The Korean War (proxy)

A

Korea was free from Japanese rule. Divided as North and South korea. The Soviet created communist regime in North korea. The US gained support from the UN and helped South Koreans to stop the spread of communist countries. The Soviets funded North Korea. The DMZ still runs through the 38th parallel.

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4
Q

The Vietnam war (proxy)

A

French colonized French Indochina. Create North/South Vietnam. North Vietnamese, Ho Chi-Minh pushed to combine Vietnam. (Soviet -North Vietnam) against (US South)

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5
Q

Describe 1st, 2nd, and 3rd world countries.

A

USA, Soviets, every other country

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6
Q

Partition of India happened in _____.

A

1947

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7
Q

British Mandate Palestine becomes _________.

A

Israel

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8
Q

Non-violence could be seen though ____, _____, and ______.

A

Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela

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9
Q

This movement/group didn’t support USA or USSR.

A

Non-aligned movement

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10
Q

This plan killed millions when it shifted from an agrarian society into a modern industrial society. The leader was ____.

A

Great Leap Forward, Mao Zedong

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11
Q

Both the US and soviets don’t want to go into war with each other since they will face _______.

A

Mutually assured destruction (MAD)

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12
Q

After WW2, United states, _____, and _____ push until West Berlin.The Soviet Union pushes _____ back to Berlin.

A

Great Britain, France, Nazis

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13
Q

Hitler commits suicide and Nazis ________ and VE day (Victory In Europe Day) formed

A

surrender

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14
Q

Stalin, Churchill, and Truman negotiate terms for the end of WW2.

A

Potsdam Conference (urges Japan to surrender to not face total destruction)

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15
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

Capitalism in US vs Communism in USSR

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16
Q

Describe Marshall Plan.

A

Plan of the US to support countries economically so they wouldn’t fall into the Soviets sphere of influence (communists). 13 billion dollars to (western) Europe to recover. The Soviets saw this as bribery.

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17
Q

Non-aligned movement: give examples

A

Didn’t take part with the U.S or Soviet Union. (developing countries)
-Sukarno (Indonesia)
-Nehru (India)
-Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)

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18
Q

Bandung Conference

A

Sukarno - Called non-aligned ppl
goals for future (faced western imperialism) didn’t want cold world standoff, Wanted to throw of colonization

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19
Q

U.S plan to prevent Communism from spreading was called __________.

A

CONTAINMENT

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20
Q

This plan helps Western Europe rebuild $13 billion fund.

A

Marshall Plan

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21
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

“we will do everything we can to stop the spread of communism” containment (official declaration of cold war)

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22
Q

Describe Warsaw Pact:

A

Soviet and their alliances (Eastern Europe)

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23
Q

What was Comecon?

A

A response to US Marshall Plan. It was an economic agreement amongst communist nations loyal to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.)

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24
Q

The Soviets invade Afghanistan in ____. This during Cold War, made US nervous about ________. US sent ______ to Afghanistan

A

1979, communism spreading, weapons

25
Q

Deng Xiaoping introduces international trading system in the _____ to China. They now have access to ______.

A

1970’s, free market for goods

26
Q

In China there is no longer a dynastic cycle. Start of Mao Zedong - Communism. He creates the _________.

A

1949 - People’s republic of China

27
Q

People’s republic of China is created in ___ by Communist leader Mao Zedong. It helps the nation ____ and have ____.

A

1949, catch up industrially, equal rights

28
Q

The Great Leap Forward was _______ since it was supposed to ________ but ended up creating a famine. Over 20 million people died of starvation. This was because Mao Zedong kept ___________________.

A

not great, increase agricultural production, selling crops in the world market.

29
Q

With the Great Leap Forward, Mao also ruins the century held traditions of _______ and _______ values with the Cultural Revolution.

A

filial piety, Confucianism values

30
Q

Describe the Cultural Revolution in 1966:

A

Red Guards (teens) denounce parent, teachers
-tear down tradition
-older people were taunted and bullied since they represented the older war of life

31
Q

The goal of ______ was to enforce communism and remove any foreign, capitalist, or traditional cultural elements from Chinese society. (ex. schools, libraries, churches)

A

Cultural Revolution (led by Mao Zedong)

32
Q

Iranians elect ________ as Prime minister in ____,
He pushed to nationalize __ industry (excessive spending)

US and Soviet throw the democratic elected leader and bring back _______ so they don’t join Hitler. He focused on land redistribution (wealthy to poor).

A

Mohammed, 1951, oil, Shah Pahlavi

33
Q

During 1945 - 1960 ….

A

many African countries got free from imperial rule.

34
Q

Gandhi in India hoped that ________. He participated in the ______.

A

Hindus and Muslims live in harmony without British rule. Salt March

35
Q

What was the Homespun Movement?

A

Homespun Movement (spin and weave own clothes at home instead of buying British Textiles)

36
Q

What was the Salt March?

A

Gandhi takes part in civil disobedience by walking 240 miles to the sea and takes his own salt. Is a protest to oppose the British Salt tax.

37
Q

Who leads the Muslim League? Why did he want to partition India?

A

Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Muslims won’t be represented in Hindu majority

38
Q

When did India Partition and into what states?

A

Indian Partition of 1947 (India and Pakistan)

39
Q

British negotiated with ____ and ____ for their independence.

A

India, Ghana

40
Q

_______ became Ghana and Kwame Nkrumah was the first leader in the pan-african movement. This movement __________.

A

Gold Coast, establishes independence for African Nations

41
Q

Examples of armed resistance for independence could be seen in _______ and ____.

A

Algeria, Vietnam

42
Q

After WW2, many ______ settle in Algeria. They don’t want to give up territory so they send 500,000 soldiers to fight in Algeria. This was called ________ and lasted from 1954-1962.

A

French, Algerian War

43
Q

Ho Chi Minh against French forces was the _________. Fought during the _____.

A

First Indochina war, 1940’s -1950’s

44
Q

Africa goes through the process of _______ .British and Afrikaners(dutch descent) form the Union of South Africa.

A

decolonization

45
Q

National Party start segregation. List examples-

A

(white, black, colored, or other)
Black South Africans should have identification cards
They have to live in black only zones.

46
Q

Nelson Mandela was a part of the _______. The ______ was a student uprising (students killed, global support came against apartheid). Mandela was freed from jail, later _____.

A

African National Congress, Soweto Uprising, elected president

47
Q

Under Ottoman rule, Egypt was _______ independent. After WW1, __________.

A

kind-of, fully independent.

48
Q

Post WW2, King was overthrown by ____.
Nasser combines ____ and Arab culture (Pan-arabism)
Islam + ______ = nationalization of the _____. The canal facilitated so much world trade and Nasser got ahold of it. UN made a deal to make the canal international waters with Egypt control.

A

General Abdul Nasser, Islam, socialism, Suez Canal

49
Q

NEW STATES IN ISRAEL - Judaism emerged here, home of Hebrew people. After WW1, Ottoman territories were split into _____ by British. Britain tries to balance Arab and ______ interests. ______ was a public pledge by Britain in 1917 declaring its aim to establish “a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.

A

mandates, Palestinian, Balfour Declaration.

50
Q

NEW STATES IN ISRAEL - WW2 happens- millions of jews killed (_______)
-International support post WW2
UN partition - Israel(_____) & Palestine (____)
Israeli expansion in Palestinian lands

A

Holocaust, Jewish, Arab

51
Q

When do India and Pakistan redraw political boundaries?

A

1947 Partition of India - dissolution of states after British Raj

52
Q

Examples of countries trying to rebuild after long term imperialism is _______.

A

Nasser in Egypt- British controlled until 1922

53
Q

Decolonization, people moved to their imperial ______. People moved to the country that colonized them. They moved since ________. List examples:

A

metropoles, better job opportunities and they don’t like the government in the region the were from,
India to Great Britain,
Filipinos to US,
Algerians to France

54
Q

Name and explain a type of terrorism:

A

Al Qaeda
-Bin Laden didn’t like how US was in the holy land Saudi Arabia
-attack US (9/11)
-terrorism - deliberately attack civilians for political interests

55
Q

Costs of Soviet in Afghanistan made Gorbachev take action. What two reforms were started by Gorbachev? …and explain each of them.

A

Perestroika - restructure soviet to become a market economy
Glasnost- transparency in fighting soviet corruption in gov

56
Q

Late 1980’s Perestroika and Glasnost faced ___________. Reagan and Gorbachev sign ________ in 1987.

A

communist criticism and opposition, nuclear arms reduction treaty

57
Q

Countries began to declare independence from Soviet communism and _________ in 1989. Germany ____.

A

Berlin Wall Falls, unites

58
Q

POST COLD WAR- In 1991, A Russia coup ________ and establish _______.

A

removes Gorbachev from power, social-democratic Russia

AP world (8 decks)

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