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AP world > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

What were the 2 Portuguese ships called?

A

Caravel, Carrack

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2
Q

The ______ , _______ , _______ , _____, and _____ supported maritime exploration in the 1450’s through 1750’s.

A

Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, British, French

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3
Q

The Caravel was ____ , ____, ____, and the Portuguese can put _____ on it.

A

faster, smaller, lighter, cannons

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4
Q

____ is a compact instrument made by to observe and calculate the position of celestial (stars) bodies to help navigation. Finds latitude.

A

Astrolabe

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5
Q

______ could observe altitude and measure angular distances. Was invented after Astrolabe.

A

Sextant

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6
Q

What technological/ship improvement came after the 1750’s?

A

The steamship (steam engine)

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7
Q

_____ uses the power of headwinds to make a safe journey. It allows the wind to be ________.

A

Lateen Sail, caught in different directions

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8
Q

Europe sent guns and cloth to ______.

A

Africa

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9
Q

_____ was invented in China. Used to travel through IOTN.

A

Magnetic compass

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10
Q

What was the Dutch’s ship called?

A

Dutch Fluyt

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11
Q

Why did the Europeans facilitate maritime exploration?

A

-Portuguese wanted to cut out the Ottoman/Venetian monopoly on goods.

-new passage to asia

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12
Q

Wood, furs, tobacco, and sugar were sent from the ______ to _______ .

A

Americas, Europe

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13
Q

Europe sent _______ to Americas

A

manufactured goods, tea

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14
Q

Americas sent iron products and tools to ______.

A

Africa

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15
Q

The Europeans in the Americas led to spread of disease such as _____, ____, and ____.

A

smallpox, measles, malaria.

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16
Q

All of the European empires develop new colonies to gain ______ .

A

resources

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17
Q

The exchange of goods, people, and disease from Europe and the Americas is known as ______.

A

The Columbian Exchange, Trans-atlantic slave trade

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18
Q

The desire to find new trade routes to ____ was one of the ____ to the Columbian Exchange.

A

Asia, causes

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19
Q

The introduction of Europeans and the arrival of pathogens caused _________ when 75-90% of indigenous population dies.

A

The Great Dying

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20
Q

European trading posts in Africa were to ____________ .

A

extract resources

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21
Q

What was the benefit of the Columbian Exchange?

A

Americas and Europe got to trade resources/finished products to improve their socio-economic factors.

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22
Q

_____ had new colonies in Lt. America

A

Spanish

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23
Q

What is a negative of the exchange in Silver?

A

Silver from the Americas caused inflation in Spain.

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24
Q

_____ grew rich by conquering South America and Mexico. They forced natives to dig in _____ mines.

A

Spanish, silver

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25
Q

Define Isolationist policies

A

the need to stay apart or not involve in other countries’ political affairs

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26
Q

What 2 countries’ displayed an isolationist stance? and why?

A

China (didn’t need anybody else) Japan (avoided Western influence)

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27
Q

_______ established trading post empire in IOTN. Collect taxes, make profit.

A

Portuguese

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28
Q

_____ had new colonies in Indonesia & North America.

A

Dutch

29
Q

_____ had new colonies in SE Asia, North America, Caribbean

A

French

30
Q

____ has colonies throughout North America.

A

British

31
Q

The Asante people gave Europeans gold, ivory, and benefited from ___________ and gained power. Later they ended up becoming ________.

A

selling slaved to the Europeans, sold in slavery

32
Q

What is a continuity during the 1450’s though 1750’s?

A

Slavery/Coerced labor

33
Q

How did slavery change in 1450’s through 1750’s?

A

It went from slavery (forced labor) to chattel slavery (considered people as property and allowed them to be bought and sold_

34
Q

What did slaves work on?

A

Plantations (sugar, cotton)

35
Q

How did Spanish use Incan mit’a system (required labor for gov. infrastructure projects)?

A

They used it to make natives work in silver mines and plantations.

36
Q

What drove the demand for chattel slavery?

A

The Great Dying which wiped out more than 3/4 of the indigenous population.

37
Q

_______ is when you work without a timeframe to repay a loan. Give an example of how that would change in the 1750’s -1900’s

A

Indentured Servitude, Criminals/people in poverty sell themselves to gain access into the “New World.”

38
Q

______ is a forced labor system. Spanish settlers receive land in the Americas. They keep the natives living there and use them for labor.

A

Encomienda

39
Q

The ______ system in the Americas includes an estate with plantations worked by _____ and _____.

A

Hacienda, slaves, indentured servants (poor Spanish)

40
Q

Mercantistic believes _________. Europeans desired to _______.

A

there is a finite amount of wealth in the world. grab as much wealth/resources from colonies before anybody else.

41
Q

How did joint-stock companies maintain power?

A

With government support. Many officials bought shares in the company.

42
Q

What was the Moroccan conflict with Songhai?

A

Moroccans conquer Songhai since they are rich in trade routes and gold mines.

43
Q

How was silver used to make the first global economy?

A

Spanish buy Asian goods (silk) with silver coins and Chinese increase demand for silver. Therefore, silver travels from Americas - Spain - China

44
Q

Spain sent ______ to find a quicker route to Asia after they heard Portuguese set up trading post empire.

A

Christopher Columbus

45
Q

In the 1440’s, _______ helped Portugal set up trading post along coasts of ______ and throughout Indian ocean.

A

Prince Henry the navigator, Africa

46
Q

France try to find a ________ passage establish ______ because they arrived in _______.

A

North atlantic ,fur trade, Canada

47
Q

Spain and Portugal used _______. Where did each empire use these?

A

tribute collection and Coerced labor. Portuguese in its trading post empire enforces taxes on passing ships. Spanish in the Americas.

48
Q

Why did the diseases impact the Americas greater than in Afro-Eurasia?

A

The diseases have been circulating for generations in Afro-Eurasia so they developed immunities but were new to the Americas.

49
Q

A cash crop is ______________. An example would be ______ in the Caribbean.

A

grown primarily for export, sugarcane

50
Q

Why did the Tokugawa Shogunate limit Western influence after 1550’s?

A

They wanted to stop Christianity conversions in Japan.

51
Q

Louis XIV was a king in _____ who believed in absolutism which meant ______. Unsatisfied nobles place new laws on peasants. This caused ______ which was known as ______.

A

France, the ruler has complete authority over the country, peasants to revolt and demand, The Fronde,

52
Q

The Fronde lasted __ years and resulted in the ___________.

A

6, monarchy to increase.

53
Q

_____ were societies made from free and escaped slaves in colonial areas.

A

Maroon Societies

54
Q

Who led the maroon society revolt in Jamaica and caused colonial powers to sign treaty? In ____.

A

Queen Nanny, 1738

55
Q

King Of the Kongo converted to ______ to facilitate trade with Portuguese.

A

Christianity

56
Q

How did IOTN change? ..stay the same?

A

Europeans powers grab territorial holdings. Middle East and SE merchants continued to used for bulk trading.

57
Q

The _____, ____, _____ controlled the Silk Roads while Europeans dominate maritime networks.

A

Ottoman, Manchu Qing, Ming

58
Q

Silver was used to purchase goods from _____. This developed the _______ of their economy.

A

China, commercialization

59
Q

Growing emergence of _____ language emerges in Caribbean and Brazil.

A

Creole (language synthesis of European+African)

60
Q

Chattel slavery causes ______ since men were preferred to women. This led to ____ which means that a man marries more than one woman.

A

gender imbalance, polygyny

61
Q

These are Spanish systems -_______ nothing to do with land ownership and everything to control indigenous population. _______ land ownership to control population.

A

Encomienda, Hacienda

62
Q

Some native population continued to practice their own beliefs and didn’t entirely convert to Christianity. _____ was a belief that blends African + Christian practices.

A

Vodun

63
Q

The _____ was when the Spanish eliminate Muslims from the _______.

A

Reconquista, Iberian Peninsula

64
Q

The Spanish erased wide variety of cultural/linguistic identity. They separated natives through native Spanish ancestry called ________. Describe 5 components.

A

The Casta System -
Peninsulares (Spanish born in Spain)
Creoles - (Spanish born in the Americas)
Mestizos - (Native+Spanish)
Native Americans
Slaves

65
Q

What change happens politically from Ming to Machu Qing rule?

A

They chose Manchu people to administrate bureaucratic positions instead of Han Chinese.

66
Q

Protestant

A

Faith was the path to salvation

67
Q

Catholic

A

Feudal aristocratic ways

68
Q

_______ brought valuable goods from China to establish relations with other nations during his voyages _____ to ____.

A

Zheng He, 1405, 1433

AP world (8 decks)

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