Unit 4 Flashcards
What were the 2 Portuguese ships called?
Caravel, Carrack
The ______ , _______ , _______ , _____, and _____ supported maritime exploration in the 1450’s through 1750’s.
Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, British, French
The Caravel was ____ , ____, ____, and the Portuguese can put _____ on it.
faster, smaller, lighter, cannons
____ is a compact instrument made by to observe and calculate the position of celestial (stars) bodies to help navigation. Finds latitude.
Astrolabe
______ could observe altitude and measure angular distances. Was invented after Astrolabe.
Sextant
What technological/ship improvement came after the 1750’s?
The steamship (steam engine)
_____ uses the power of headwinds to make a safe journey. It allows the wind to be ________.
Lateen Sail, caught in different directions
Europe sent guns and cloth to ______.
Africa
_____ was invented in China. Used to travel through IOTN.
Magnetic compass
What was the Dutch’s ship called?
Dutch Fluyt
Why did the Europeans facilitate maritime exploration?
-Portuguese wanted to cut out the Ottoman/Venetian monopoly on goods.
-new passage to asia
Wood, furs, tobacco, and sugar were sent from the ______ to _______ .
Americas, Europe
Europe sent _______ to Americas
manufactured goods, tea
Americas sent iron products and tools to ______.
Africa
The Europeans in the Americas led to spread of disease such as _____, ____, and ____.
smallpox, measles, malaria.
All of the European empires develop new colonies to gain ______ .
resources
The exchange of goods, people, and disease from Europe and the Americas is known as ______.
The Columbian Exchange, Trans-atlantic slave trade
The desire to find new trade routes to ____ was one of the ____ to the Columbian Exchange.
Asia, causes
The introduction of Europeans and the arrival of pathogens caused _________ when 75-90% of indigenous population dies.
The Great Dying
European trading posts in Africa were to ____________ .
extract resources
What was the benefit of the Columbian Exchange?
Americas and Europe got to trade resources/finished products to improve their socio-economic factors.
_____ had new colonies in Lt. America
Spanish
What is a negative of the exchange in Silver?
Silver from the Americas caused inflation in Spain.
_____ grew rich by conquering South America and Mexico. They forced natives to dig in _____ mines.
Spanish, silver
Define Isolationist policies
the need to stay apart or not involve in other countries’ political affairs
What 2 countries’ displayed an isolationist stance? and why?
China (didn’t need anybody else) Japan (avoided Western influence)
_______ established trading post empire in IOTN. Collect taxes, make profit.
Portuguese
_____ had new colonies in Indonesia & North America.
Dutch
_____ had new colonies in SE Asia, North America, Caribbean
French
____ has colonies throughout North America.
British
The Asante people gave Europeans gold, ivory, and benefited from ___________ and gained power. Later they ended up becoming ________.
selling slaved to the Europeans, sold in slavery
What is a continuity during the 1450’s though 1750’s?
Slavery/Coerced labor
How did slavery change in 1450’s through 1750’s?
It went from slavery (forced labor) to chattel slavery (considered people as property and allowed them to be bought and sold_
What did slaves work on?
Plantations (sugar, cotton)
How did Spanish use Incan mit’a system (required labor for gov. infrastructure projects)?
They used it to make natives work in silver mines and plantations.
What drove the demand for chattel slavery?
The Great Dying which wiped out more than 3/4 of the indigenous population.
_______ is when you work without a timeframe to repay a loan. Give an example of how that would change in the 1750’s -1900’s
Indentured Servitude, Criminals/people in poverty sell themselves to gain access into the “New World.”
______ is a forced labor system. Spanish settlers receive land in the Americas. They keep the natives living there and use them for labor.
Encomienda
The ______ system in the Americas includes an estate with plantations worked by _____ and _____.
Hacienda, slaves, indentured servants (poor Spanish)
Mercantistic believes _________. Europeans desired to _______.
there is a finite amount of wealth in the world. grab as much wealth/resources from colonies before anybody else.
How did joint-stock companies maintain power?
With government support. Many officials bought shares in the company.
What was the Moroccan conflict with Songhai?
Moroccans conquer Songhai since they are rich in trade routes and gold mines.
How was silver used to make the first global economy?
Spanish buy Asian goods (silk) with silver coins and Chinese increase demand for silver. Therefore, silver travels from Americas - Spain - China
Spain sent ______ to find a quicker route to Asia after they heard Portuguese set up trading post empire.
Christopher Columbus
In the 1440’s, _______ helped Portugal set up trading post along coasts of ______ and throughout Indian ocean.
Prince Henry the navigator, Africa
France try to find a ________ passage establish ______ because they arrived in _______.
North atlantic ,fur trade, Canada
Spain and Portugal used _______. Where did each empire use these?
tribute collection and Coerced labor. Portuguese in its trading post empire enforces taxes on passing ships. Spanish in the Americas.
Why did the diseases impact the Americas greater than in Afro-Eurasia?
The diseases have been circulating for generations in Afro-Eurasia so they developed immunities but were new to the Americas.
A cash crop is ______________. An example would be ______ in the Caribbean.
grown primarily for export, sugarcane
Why did the Tokugawa Shogunate limit Western influence after 1550’s?
They wanted to stop Christianity conversions in Japan.
Louis XIV was a king in _____ who believed in absolutism which meant ______. Unsatisfied nobles place new laws on peasants. This caused ______ which was known as ______.
France, the ruler has complete authority over the country, peasants to revolt and demand, The Fronde,
The Fronde lasted __ years and resulted in the ___________.
6, monarchy to increase.
_____ were societies made from free and escaped slaves in colonial areas.
Maroon Societies
Who led the maroon society revolt in Jamaica and caused colonial powers to sign treaty? In ____.
Queen Nanny, 1738
King Of the Kongo converted to ______ to facilitate trade with Portuguese.
Christianity
How did IOTN change? ..stay the same?
Europeans powers grab territorial holdings. Middle East and SE merchants continued to used for bulk trading.
The _____, ____, _____ controlled the Silk Roads while Europeans dominate maritime networks.
Ottoman, Manchu Qing, Ming
Silver was used to purchase goods from _____. This developed the _______ of their economy.
China, commercialization
Growing emergence of _____ language emerges in Caribbean and Brazil.
Creole (language synthesis of European+African)
Chattel slavery causes ______ since men were preferred to women. This led to ____ which means that a man marries more than one woman.
gender imbalance, polygyny
These are Spanish systems -_______ nothing to do with land ownership and everything to control indigenous population. _______ land ownership to control population.
Encomienda, Hacienda
Some native population continued to practice their own beliefs and didn’t entirely convert to Christianity. _____ was a belief that blends African + Christian practices.
Vodun
The _____ was when the Spanish eliminate Muslims from the _______.
Reconquista, Iberian Peninsula
The Spanish erased wide variety of cultural/linguistic identity. They separated natives through native Spanish ancestry called ________. Describe 5 components.
The Casta System -
Peninsulares (Spanish born in Spain)
Creoles - (Spanish born in the Americas)
Mestizos - (Native+Spanish)
Native Americans
Slaves
What change happens politically from Ming to Machu Qing rule?
They chose Manchu people to administrate bureaucratic positions instead of Han Chinese.
Protestant
Faith was the path to salvation
Catholic
Feudal aristocratic ways
_______ brought valuable goods from China to establish relations with other nations during his voyages _____ to ____.
Zheng He, 1405, 1433
