Unit 8

Question 1

One of the striated muscles attached to bones

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle

Question 2

A movement of a limb that tends to straighten its joints; the opposite of flexion

Answer 2

Extension

Question 3

A movement of a limb that tends to bend its joints; the opposite of extension

Answer 3

Flexion

Question 4

One of the muscle fibers that are responsible for the force exerted by contraction of skeletal muscle

Answer 4

Extrafusal muscle fiber

Question 5

A neuron whose axon forms synapses with extrafusal muscle fibers of a skeletal muscle; activation contracts the muscle fibers

Answer 5

Alpha motor neuron

Question 6

A muscle fiber that functions as a stretch receptor, arranged parallel to the extrafusal muscle fibers, thus detecting changes in muscle length

Answer 6

Intrafusal muscle fiber

Question 7

A neuron whose axons form synapses with intrafusal muscle fibers

Answer 7

Gamma motor neuron

Question 8

A motor neuron and its associated muscle fibers

Answer 8

Motor unit

Question 9

The proteins that provide the physical basis for muscular contraction

Answer 9

Actin and myosin

Question 10

Skeletal muscle

Answer 10

Striated muscle

Question 11

The synapse between the terminal buttons of an axon and a muscle fiber

Answer 11

Neuromuscular junction

Question 12

The postsynaptic membrane of a neuromuscular junction

Answer 12

Motor endplate

Question 13

The postsynaptic potential that occurs in the motor endplate in response to release of acetylcholine by the terminal button

Answer 13

Endplate potential

Question 14

The receptor organ at the junction of the tendon and muscle that is sensitive to stretch

Answer 14

Golgi tendon organ

Question 15

A reflex in which a muscle contracts in response to its being quickly stretched; involves a sensory neuron and a motor neuron, with one synapse between them

Answer 15

Monosynaptic stretch reflex

Question 16

A topographically organized mapping of parts of the body that are represented in a particular region of the brain

Answer 16

Somatotopic organization

Question 17

A region of motor association cortex of the dorsal and dorsomedial frontal lobe, rostral to the primary motor cortex

Answer 17

Supplementary motor area (SMA)

Question 18

A region of motor association cortex of the lateral frontal lobe, rostral to the primary motor cortex

Answer 18

Premotor cortex

Question 19

The corticospinal tract, the corticobulbar tract, and the rubrospinal tract

Answer 19

Lateral group

Question 20

The vestibulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the ventral corticospinal tract

Answer 20

Ventromedial group

Question 21

A region of the cerebellum; involved in control of postural reflexes

Answer 21

Flocculonodular lobe

Question 22

A telencephalic nucleus; one of the input nuclei of basal ganglia; involved with control of voluntary movement

Answer 22

Caudate nucleus

Question 23

A telencephalic nucleus; one of the input nuclei of the basial ganglia; involved with control of voluntary movement

Answer 23

Putamen

Question 24

A telencephalic nucleus; the primary output nucleus of the basal ganglia; involved with control of voluntary movement

Answer 24

Globus pallidus

Question 25

A darkly stained region of the tegmentum that contains neurons that communicates with the caudate nucleus and putamen in the basal ganglia

Answer 25

Substantia nigra

Question 26

Neurons located in the ventral premotor cortex and inferior parietal lobule that respond when the individual makes a particular movement or sees another individual making that movement

Answer 26

Mirror neurons

Question 27

A region in the medial posterior parietal cortex that plays a critical role in control of pointing or reaching with the hands

Answer 27

Parietal reach region

Question 28

Difficulty in carrying out purposeful movements, in the absence of paralysis or muscular weakness

Answer 28

Apraxia