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Biopsych > Unit 15 > Flashcards

Unit 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Process which cells break off of a tumor, travel through vascular system, and grow somewhere else

A

Metastasis

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2
Q

Cancerous brain tumor composed of several types of glial cells

A

Glioma

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3
Q

Benign tumor composed of cells that constitute the meninges

A

Meningioma

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4
Q

Seizure beginning at a focus and remains localized

A

Partial seizure

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5
Q

Seizure involving most of brain

A

Generalized seizure

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6
Q

Partial seizure not producing loss of consciousness

A

Simple partial seizure

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7
Q

Partial seizure producing loss of consciousness

A

Complex partial seizure

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8
Q

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure resulting in convulsion

A

Grand mal seizure

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9
Q

Sensation that precedes a seizure

A

Aura

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10
Q

First phase of grand mal seizure, all of patient’s skeletal muscles are contracted

A

Tonic phase

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11
Q

Phase of grand mal seizure in which patient shows rhythmic jerking motions

A

Clonic phase

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12
Q

Cerebrovascular accident caused by rupture of cerebral blood vessel

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

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13
Q

Cerebrovascular accident caused by occlusion of a blood vessel and interruption of blood supply to region of brain

A

Ischemic stroke

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14
Q

Blood clot that forms within blood vessel and may occlude it

A

Thrombus

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15
Q

Piece of matter that dislodges from its origin site and occludes and artery, can lead to stroke

A

Embolus

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16
Q

Birth defect caused by ingestion of alcohol while pregnant, facial anomalies and faulty brain development

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

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17
Q

Hereditary disorder caused by absence of enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine, causes brain damage unless special diet

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

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18
Q

Heritable, fatal, metabolic storage disorder, lack of enzymes is lysosomes causes accumulation of waste products and swelling in brain

A

Tay-Sachs disease

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19
Q

Contagious brain disease whose degenerative process gives the brain a spongelike appearance; caused by accumulation of misfolded prion protien

A

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)

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20
Q

Protien that can exist in two forms that differ only in their 3-D shape; responsible for TSEs

A

Prion

21
Q

Killer enzyme that plays a role in apoptosis

A

Caspase

22
Q

Disease that occurs rarely and not obviously caused by heredity or infectious agent

A

Sporadic disease

23
Q

Abnormal circular structures with dense core consisting of a-synuclein protein; found in cytoplasm of people with Parkinson’s disease

A

Lewy body

24
Q

Protein normally found in presynaptic membrane involved in synaptic plasticity. Abnormal accumulations cause of neural degeneration in Parkinson’s

A

A-synuclein

25
Q

Said of a genetic disorder caused by a dominant mutation that involves a faulty gene producing a protein with toxic effects

A

Toxic gain of function

26
Q

Protien that plays a role in ferrying defective of misfolded proteins to the proteasomes; when mutated, cause of familial Parkinson’s

A

Parkin

27
Q

Said of genetic disorder caused by recessive gene that fails to produce protein necessary for good health

A

Loss of funciton

28
Q

Organelle responsible for destroying defective or degraded proteins within the cell

A

Proteasome

29
Q

Protein that attaches itself to faulty or misfolded proteins and thus targets them for destruction by proteasomes

A

Ubiquitin

30
Q

Division of globus pallidus that provides inhibitory input to the motor cortex via the thalamus; sometimes lesioned to treat Parkinson’s

A

Internal division of globus pallidus (GPi)

31
Q

Surgical procedure involving implanting electrodes in a region of brain and attaching device that permits the electrical stimulation of that region through electrodes

A

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

32
Q

Inherited disorder causing degeneration of basal ganglia, severe jerking movements, withering movements, dementia, then death

A

Huntington’s disease

33
Q

Protein that may serve to facilitate production and transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor

A

Huntingtin (Htt)

34
Q

Degenerative disorder attacking spinal cord and cranial nerve motor neruons

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

35
Q

Extracellular deposit containing dense core of b-amyloid protein surrounded by degenerating axons and dendrites activated microglia and reactive astrocytes

A

Amyloid plaque

36
Q

A protein found in excessive amounts in brains of patients with Alzheimer’s

A

Beta-amyloid

37
Q

Dying neuron containing intracellular accumulations of abnormally phosphorylated tau-protein filaments

A

Neurofibrillary tangle

38
Q

Protein normally serving as a component of microtubules, which provide the cell’s transport mechanism and cytoskeleton

A

Tau protein

39
Q

Protein produced and secreted by cells serving as precursor for beta-amyloid protein

A

APP

40
Q

Class of enzymes that cut beta-amyloid precursor protein into smaller fragments

A

Secretase

41
Q

Protein produced by faulty gene that causes beta-amyloid precursor protein to be converted to the abnormal short form; may cause Alzheimer’s disease

A

Presenilin

42
Q

Glycoprotein that transports cholesterol in blood and plays role in cellular repair

A

Apolipoprotein

43
Q

Permanent anterograde amnesia caused by brain damage resulting in lack of thiamine; often comorbid with alcohol abuse or malnutrition

A

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

44
Q

Inflammation of brain; caused by bacteria, viruses, or toxic chemicals

A

Encephalitis

45
Q

A virus that normally causes cold sores near the lips but that can also cause brain damage

A

Herpes simplex virus

46
Q

Viral disease that destroys motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord

A

Acute anterior poliomyelitis

47
Q

Fatal viral disease that causes brain damage; usually transmitted through bite of infected animal

A

Rabies

48
Q

An inflammation of the meninges; can be caused by viruses or bacteria

A

Meningitis

Biopsych (11 decks)

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