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Biopsych > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

The removal or destruction of a portion of the brain of a lab animal; presumable the functions that can no longer be performed are the ones the region previously controlled

A

Experimental ablation/Lesion study

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2
Q

A brain lesion produced by intracerebral injection of an excitatory amino acid such as kainic acid

A

Excitotoxic lesion

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3
Q

A placebo procedure that duplicates all the steps of producing a brain lesion except the one that actually causes the brain damage

A

Sham lesion

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4
Q

Brain surgery using this kind of apparatus to position an electrode or cannula in a specified position of the brain

A

Stereotaxic surgery

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5
Q

A collection of drawings of sections of the brain of a particular animal with measurements that provide coordinates for stereotaxic surgery

A

Stereotaxic atlas

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6
Q

A device that permits a surgeon to position an electrode or cannula into a specific part of the brain

A

Stereotaxic apparatus

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7
Q

A technique using stereotaxic surgery to implant a permanent electrode in the brain; used to treat chronic pain, movement disorders, epilepsy, depression, and OCD

A

Deep brain stimulation

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8
Q

A chemical such as formalin; used to prepare and preserve body tissue

A

Fixative

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9
Q

The aqueous solution of formaldehyde gas; the most commonly used tissue fixative

A

Formalin

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10
Q

An instrument that produces very thin slices of body tissues

A

Microtome

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11
Q

An instrument that produces very thin slices of body tissue inside a freezer chamber

A

Cryostat

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12
Q

A histological method that uses radioactive antibodies or antibodies bound with a dye molecule to indicate the presence of particular proteins of peptides

A

Immunocytochemical method

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13
Q

A microscope that passes a focused beam of electrons through thin slices of tissue to reveal extremely small details

A

Transmission electron microscope

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14
Q

A microscope that provides three-dimensional information about the shape of the surface of a small object by scanning the object with a thin beam of electrons.

A

Scanning electron microscope

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15
Q

A microscope that provides high-resolution images of various depths of thick tissue that contains fluorescent molecules by scanning the tissue with light from a laser beam

A

Confocal laser scanning microscope

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16
Q

A histological method that labels and the axons and TB of neurons whose cell bodies are located in a particular region

A

Anterograde labeling method

17
Q

A histological method that labels cell bodies that give rise to the TB that form synapses with cells in a particular region

A

Retrograde labeling method

18
Q

The use of a device that employs a computer to analyze data obtained by scanning beam of X-rays to produce a two-dimensional picture of a “slice” through the body

A

Computerized tomography (CT)

19
Q

A technique whereby the interior of the body can be accurately imaged; involves the interaction between radio waves and a strong magnetic field

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

20
Q

An imaging method that uses a modified MRI scanner to reveal bundles of myelinated axons in the living human brain

A

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

21
Q

A very fine electrode, generally used to record activity of individual neurons

A

Microelectrode

22
Q

Recording of the electrical activity of a single neuron

A

Single-unit recording

23
Q

An electrode used to record the electrical activity of large numbers of neurons in a particular region of the brain

A

Macroelectrode

24
Q

An electrical brain potential recorded by placing electrodes on the scalp

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

25
Q

A procedure that detects groups of synchronously activated neurons by means of the magnetic field induced by their electrical activity; uses an array of superconducting quantum interference devices, or SQUIDs

A

Magnetoencephalopathy

26
Q

A sugar that enters cells along with glucose but is not metabolized

A

2-deoxyglucose (2-DG)

27
Q

A procedure that locates radioactive substances in a slice of tissue; the radiation exposes a photographic emulsion or a piece of film that covers the tissue

A

Autoradiography

28
Q

A protein produced in the nucleus of a neuron in response to synaptic stimulation

A

Fos

29
Q

A computerized method of detecting metabolic or chemical changes in particular regions of the brain

A

Functional imaging

30
Q

A functional imaging method that reveals the localization of a radioactive tracer in a living brain

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

31
Q

A functional imaging method; a modification of the MRI procedure that permits the measurement of regional metabolism in the brain, usually by detecting changes in blood oxygen level

A

Functional MRI (fMRI)

32
Q

Stimulation of the cerebral cortex by means of magnetic fields produced by passing pulses of electricity through a coil of wire placed next to the skull; interferes with the functions of the brain region that is stimulated

A

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

33
Q

The use of a genetically modified virus to insert light-sensitive ion channels into the membrane of particular neurons in the brain; can depolarize or hyperpolarize the neurons when light of the appropriate wavelength is applied

A

Optogenetic method

34
Q

A procedure for analyzing chemicals present in the interstitial fluid by extracting them through a small piece of tubing made of a semipermeable membrane that is implanted in the brain

A

Microdialysis

35
Q

The complete set of genes that compose the DNA of a particular species

A

Genome

36
Q

The nature of the particular sequence of base pairs of DNA that constitutes a gene

A

Allele

37
Q

A mutated gene produced in the lab and inserted into the chromosomes of mice; alters production of a functional protein

A

Targeted mutation

38
Q

Modified strand of RNA or DNA that binds with a specific molecule of mRNA and prevents it from producing its protein

A

Antisense oligonucleotide

39
Q

A technique that inactivates or alters the production of proteins by inserting new genetic sequences into DNA

A

CRISPR-Cas

Biopsych (11 decks)

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