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Biopsych > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

1
Q

A perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the fundamental frequency

A

Pitch

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2
Q

Cycles per second

A

Hertz (Hz)

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3
Q

A perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to intensity

A

Loudness

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4
Q

A perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to complexity

A

Timbre

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5
Q

The eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane

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6
Q

One of the three bones of the middle ear

A

Ossicle

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7
Q

The “hammer”; the first of the three ossicles

A

Malleus

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8
Q

The “anvil”; the second of the three ossicles

A

Incus

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9
Q

The “stirrup”; the last of the three ossicles

A

Stapes

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10
Q

The snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that contains the auditory transducing mechanisms

A

Cochlea

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11
Q

An opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea that reveals a membrane, against which the baseplate of the stapes presses, transmitting sound vibrations into the fluid within the cochlea

A

Oval window

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12
Q

The sensory organ on the basilar membrane that contains the auditory hair cells

A

Organ of Corti

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13
Q

The receptive cell of the auditory apparatus

A

Hair cell

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14
Q

A supporting cell found in the organ of Corti; sustains the auditory hair cells

A

Deiters’s cell

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15
Q

A membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear; contains the organ of Corti

A

Basilar membrane

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16
Q

Membrane located above the basilar membrane; serves as a shelf against which the cilia of the auditory hair cells move

A

Tectorial membrane

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17
Q

An opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea of the inner ear that permits vibrations to be transmitted, via the oval window, into the fluid in the cochlea

A

Round window

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18
Q

The hairlike appendages of a cell involved in movement or in transducing sensory information; found on the receptors in the auditory and vestibular system

A

Cilia

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19
Q

An elastic filament that attaches the tip of one cilium to the side of the adjacent cilium

A

Tip link

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20
Q

The point of attachment of a tip link to a cilium

A

Insertional plaque

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21
Q

The branch of the auditory nerve that transmits auditory information from the cochlea to the brain

A

Cochlear nerve

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22
Q

A bundle of efferent axons that travel from the olivary complex of the medulla to the auditory hair cells on the cochlea

A

Olivocochlear bundle

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23
Q

One of a group of nuclei in the medulla that receives auditory information from the cochlea

A

Cochlear nucleus

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24
Q

A group of nuclei in the medulla; involved with auditory functions; including localization of the source of sounds

A

Superior olivary complex

25
Q

A band of fibers running rostrally through the medulla and pons; carries fibers of the auditory system

A

Lateral lemniscus

26
Q

A topographically organized mapping of different frequencies of sound that are represented in a particular region of the brain

A

Tonotopic representation

27
Q

The primary auditory cortex, located on a gyrus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe

A

Core region

28
Q

The first level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the primary auditory cortex

A

Belt region

29
Q

The second level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the belt region

A

Parabelt region

30
Q

The system by which information about different frequencies is coded by different locations on the basilar membrane

A

Place code

31
Q

The system by which information about different frequencies is coded by the rate of firing of neurons in the auditory system

A

Rate code

32
Q

An electronic device surgically implanted in the inner ear that can stimulate the basilar membrane

A

Cochlear implant

33
Q

The lowest, and usually most intense, frequency of a complex sound; most often perceived as the sound’s basic pitch

A

Fundamental frequency

34
Q

The frequency of complex tomes that occurs at multiples of the fundamental frequency

A

Overtone

35
Q

The difference in arrival times of sound waves at each of the eardrums

A

Phase difference

36
Q

The difference in sound intensities measured in dB at each of the ear drums

A

Intensity difference

37
Q

One of a set of two receptor organs in each inner ear that detect changes in the tilt of the head

A

Vestibular sac

38
Q

One of the three ringlike structures of the vestibular apparatus that detect changes in head rotation

A

Semicircular canal

39
Q

The vestibular sacs

A

Utricle and saccule

40
Q

An enlargement in a semicircular canal; contains the cupula and the crista

A

Ampulla

41
Q

A gelatinous mass found in the ampulla of the semicircular canals; moves in response to the flow of the fluid in the canals

A

Capula

42
Q

A nodule on the vestibular nerve that contains the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons that convey vestibular information to the brain

A

Vestibular ganglion

43
Q

One of the somatosenses; includes sensitivity to stimuli that involve the skin

A

Cutaneous sense

44
Q

Perception of the body’s position and posture

A

Proprioception

45
Q

Perception of the body’s own mobvements

A

Kinesthesia

46
Q

A sense modality that arises from receptors located within the inner organs of the body

A

Organic sense

47
Q

Skin that does not contain hair; found on the palms and the soles of the feet

A

Glabrous skin

48
Q

A touch-sensitive cutaneous receptor; important for detection of form and roughness, especially by fingertips

A

Merkel’s disk

49
Q

A touch-sensitive cutaneous, important in detecting stretching or static force against the skin, important in proprioception

A

Ruffini corpuscle

50
Q

A touch-sensitive cutaneous receptor, important in detecting edge contours or Braille-like stimuli, especially by fingertips

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

51
Q

A vibration-sensitive cutaneous receptor, important in detecting vibration from an object being held

A

Pacinian corpuscle

52
Q

A sensory neuron that responds to mechanical stimuli: for example, those that produce pressure, stretch, or vibration of the skin or stretch of muscles or tendons

A

Mechanoreceptor

53
Q

Sensations that appear to originate in a limb that has been amputated

A

Phantom limb

54
Q

The taste sensation produced by glutamate

A

Umami

55
Q

A branch of the facial nerve that passes beneath the eardrum; conveys taste information from the anterior part of the tongue and controls the secretion of some salivary glands

A

Chorda tympani

56
Q

A nucleus of the medulla that receives information from visceral organs and from the gustatory system

A

Nucleus of the solitary tract

57
Q

The protrusion at the end of the olfactory tract; receives input from the olfactory receptors

A

Olfactory bulb

58
Q

A neuron located in the olfactory bulb that receives information from olfactory receptors; axons of these cells bring information to the rest of the brain

A

Mitral cell

59
Q

A bundle of dendrites of mitral cells and the associated terminal buttons of the axons of olfactory receptors

A

Olfactory glomerulus

Biopsych (11 decks)

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