Unit 8

Question 1

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 1

a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. (p. 652)

Question 2

DSM-5

Answer 2

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. (p. 654)

Question 3

medical model

Answer 3

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital. (p. 653)

Question 4

psychological disorder

Answer 4

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. (Adapted from American Psychiatric Association, 2013.) (p. 651)

Question 5

agoraphobia

Answer 5

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide-open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic. (p. 663)

Question 6

anxiety disorders

Answer 6

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. (p. 661)

Question 7

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 7

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. (p. 662)

Question 8

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 8

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). (p. 663)

Question 9

panic disorder

Answer 9

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack. (p. 662)

Question 10

phobia

Answer 10

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. (p. 662)

Question 11

posttraumatic growth

Answer 11

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises. (p. 665)

Question 12

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 12

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. (p. 664)

Question 13

social anxiety disorder

Answer 13

intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such. (Formerly called social phobia.) (p. 662)

Question 14

bipolar disorder

Answer 14

a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.) (p. 673)

Question 15

major depressive disorder

Answer 15

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. (p. 672)

Question 16

mania

Answer 16

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. (p. 673)

Question 17

mood disorders

Answer 17

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder. (p. 671)

Question 18

Rumination

Answer 18

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes. (p. 679)

Question 19

delusions

Answer 19

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. (p. 684)

Question 20

hallucinations

Answer 20

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. (p. 685)

Question 21

psychosis

Answer 21

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions. (p. 684)

Question 22

schizophrenia

Answer 22

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression. (p. 684)

Question 23

anorexia nervosa

Answer 23

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight. (p. 697)

Question 24

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 24

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. (p. 699)

Question 25

binge-eating disorder

Answer 25

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa. (p. 697)

Question 26

bulimia nervosa

Answer 26

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting. (p. 697?)

Question 27

conversion disorder

Answer 27

a disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found. (Also called functional neurological symptom disorder.) (p. 694)

Question 28

dissociative disorders

Answer 28

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. (p. 694)

Question 29

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 29

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder. (p. 695)

Question 30

illness anxiety disorder

Answer 30

a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. (Formerly called hypochondriasis.) (p. 694)

Question 31

personality disorders

Answer 31

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. (p. 698)

Question 32

somatic symptom disorder

Answer 32

a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause. (See conversion disorder and illness anxiety disorder.) (p. 693)