Unit 5 Vocab

Question 1

hypnosis researcher

Answer 1

Nicholas Spanos

Question 2

a Swiss scientist known best for being the first person to synthesize, ingest and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Answer 2

Albert Hofmann

Question 3

believed hypnosis invovles not only social influences but also a special state of dissociation. Hilgard’s HYPNOSIS

Answer 3

Ernest Hilgard

Question 4

considered dreams the key to understanding our inner conflict

Answer 4

Sigmund Freud

Question 5

Sleep researcher who discovered and coined the phrase “rapid eye movement” (REM) sleep.

Answer 5

William Dement

Question 6

found most humans will sleep 9 hours if uninterrupted

Answer 6

Stanley Coren

Question 7

a powerful hallucigenic drug; also known as acid

Answer 7

LSD

Question 8

psychedlic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Answer 8

hallucinogens

Question 9

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Answer 9

ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 10

the act of deep thinking or reflection

Answer 10

meditation

Question 11

a training program in which a person is given information about physiological processes (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them

Answer 11

biofeedback

Question 12

theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story

Answer 12

activation-synthesis theory

Question 13

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Answer 13

insomnia

Question 14

a state of psychological equilibrium obtained when tension or a drive has been reduced or eliminated

Answer 14

homeostasis

Question 15

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

Answer 15

THC

Question 16

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Answer 16

near-death experience

Question 17

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Answer 17

methamphetamine

Question 18

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Answer 18

amphetamines

Question 19

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up the body functions

Answer 19

stimulants

Question 20

opium and its derivatives, (such as morphine and heroin); they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Answer 20

opiates

Question 21

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

Answer 21

barbiturates

Question 22

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce activity and slow body functions

Answer 22

depressants

Question 23

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

Answer 23

psychological dependence

Question 24

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

Answer 24

physical dependence

Question 25

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Answer 25

withdrawal

Question 26

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect

Answer 26

tolerance

Question 27

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

Answer 27

psychoactive drug

Question 28

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Answer 28

dissociation

Question 29

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

Answer 29

posthypnotic suggestions

Question 30

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Answer 30

Hypnosis

Question 31

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

Answer 31

REM rebound

Question 32

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

Answer 32

latent content

Question 33

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

Answer 33

manifest content

Question 34

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

Answer 34

dream

Question 35

a sleep disorder characterized by a high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

Answer 35

night terrors

Question 36

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Answer 36

sleep apnea

Question 37

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

Answer 37

narcolepsy

Question 38

non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

Answer 38

NREM sleep

Question 39

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Answer 39

delta waves

Question 40

periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

Answer 40

sleep

Question 41

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Answer 41

alpha waves

Question 42

rapid eye moment sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

Answer 42

REM sleep

Question 43

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

Answer 43

circadian rhythm

Question 44

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Answer 44

consciousness