Unit 1 Vocab

Question 1

the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).

Answer 1

Behaviorism

Question 2

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition

Answer 2

cognitive neuroscience

Question 3

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

Answer 3

Empiricism

Question 4

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

Answer 4

experimental psychology

Question 5

early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Answer 5

Functionalism

Question 6

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer 6

Pyschology

Question 7

early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Answer 7

Sturcturalism

Question 8

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Answer 8

applied research

Question 9

the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning

Answer 9

behavioral pyschology

Question 10

the scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes

Answer 10

biological psychology

Question 11

integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Answer 11

biopsychosocial approach

Question 12

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Answer 12

clinical psychology

Question 13

the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Answer 13

Cognitive Psychology

Question 14

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Answer 14

community psychology

Question 15

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

Answer 15

counseling psychology

Question 16

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Answer 16

developmental psychology

Question 17

the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Answer 17

educational psychology

Question 18

the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

Answer 18

evolutionary psychology

Question 19

an I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Answer 19

human factors psychology

Question 20

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Answer 20

industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology

Question 21

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

Answer 21

levels of analysis

Question 22

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Answer 22

natural selection

Question 23

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Answer 23

nature-nurture issue

Question 24

the study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Answer 24

personality psychology

Question 25

the scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Answer 25

positive pyschology

Question 26

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

Answer 26

psychiatry

Question 27

a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

Answer 27

psychodynamic psychology

Question 28

the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Answer 28

pyschometrics

Question 29

study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Answer 29

social psychology

Question 30

the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Answer 30

social-cultural psychology

Question 31

a study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review

Answer 31

SQ3R

Question 32

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information.Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning.

Answer 32

Testing affect

Question 33

This person established the first psychology laboratory. He introduced structuralism a school of psychology.

Answer 33

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 34

Looking inward; getting people to explain their thought process

Answer 34

Introspection

Question 35

Promoted functionalism a school of psychology , he wanted to consider the functions of thoughts and feelings. Helped Mary Whiton Chalkins graduate top of her class.

Answer 35

William James

Question 36

This man coined psychodynamic. This being a part of psychology that can’t be proven, it lays within the unconscious

Answer 36

Sigmund Freud

Question 37

Along with B.F.Skinner, this person dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as the “science of observable behavior.” They is also well known for the experiment with little Albert

Answer 37

John B. Watson

Question 38

Along with John B. Watson, this person dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as the “science of observable behavior.” They were a leading behavrioalist. He also studied how consequences shape behavior.

Answer 38

B.F. Skinner