unit 8 +10 Flashcards
the idea that when a physiological need creates an aroused state(drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need and restore body to homeostasis(balance)
drive reduction theory
positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us
incentive
moderate arousal leads to optimal performance
too much or too little arousal(stress) results in poor performance
yerkes-dodson law
physiological needs must be met before higher level needs
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
maslows pyrimad bottom to top
physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self actualization, self transcendence
need to live up to our fullest and unique potential
self actualization
performs various body maintenance functions including control of hunger
monitors levels of appetite hormones like ghrelin
hypothalamus
what happens when on a semi starvation diet
your body is signaled to restore the lost weight
your body grabs glucose from the bloodstream
social exclusion feeling left out, ignored, avoided
ostracism
the theory that emotion is followed by your body response
ex notice your heart racing them feel scared
james lange theory
the theory that emotion and body arousal happen at the same time
ex. my heart began pounding as i experienced fear
cannon bard theory
the theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and be able to label the arousal
ex. interpreting our arousal as fear or excitement depending on the context
two factor theory or schlachter-singer theory
the theory that responses can happen instantly without conscious appraisal
ex. -automatically getting startled by a sound in the forest before labeling it as a threat
zajonc ledoux
cognitive appraisal (is it dangerous or not) sometimes without our awareness -defines emotion
ex. the sound is just the wind
lazarus
emphasized that some emotional responses are immediate before any conscious appraisal
zajonc and ledoux
emphasized that our appraisal and labeling of events also determines our emotional responses
lazarus, schachter, and singer
the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
what is phase 1 of general adaptation syndrome
alarm your nervous system is suddenly activated and your heart rate zooms you’re ready to fight back
what is phase 2 of general adaptation syndrome
resistance
after initial shock the body begins to repair itself everything normalizes to focus on stressor
what is phase 3 of general adaptation syndrome
exhaustion you become more vulnerable to illness extreme cases are collapse and death
studied animals reactions to stressors and made stress a major concept in both psychology and medicine
proposed general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Hans Selye’s
symptoms of chronic stress
heart disease
depression
blood vessel inflammation
makes us less able to resist infection
increases vulnerability to heart disease
difference between type a and b personality
type A’s core is negative emotions(competitive, impatient, aggressive, anger prone)
type b is more relaxed and easygoing which makes them less likely to experience heart disease
according to freud unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic drives to survive reproduce and aggress
instinct!
operates on pleasure principle
ex. newborn crying not caring about anything else
id
seeks to gratify the id’s impulses in realistic ways that will bring long term pleasure
operates on reality principle
contains our partly conscious perceptions thought’s judgments and memories
ego
the voice of our moral compass(conscience) that forces the ego to consider not just real but ideal
focus on how we should behave
strives for perfection, judging actions, producing positive feelings or negative feelings of guilt
superego
mediates the impulsive demands of id and the restraining demands of superego
ego
tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality
defense mechanisms
what are the seven defense mechanisms
regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, and sublimation, repression
retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage
ex. getting cut from soccer team and wanting to go to grandmas house to eat cookies
regression
switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites
ex. after getting cut from team you make a big show about not caring about the dumb team
reaction formation
disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
ex. after getting cut from team you talk about how mad your parents are at the coach
projection
offering self justifying explanations in place of the real more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions
ex. after getting cut from team you say you weren’t even trying during tryouts and you could have made the team if you wanted to
rationalization
shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
ex. after getting cut from team you yell at your younger sibling for no real reason
displacement
transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motive
ex after getting cut from team you decide to join track where everyone’s accepted
sublimation
refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
ex. after getting cut from team you insist there was an error on the team list and your going to talk to the coach
denial
being driven more by interest
intrinsic motivation
our overall impression of a person influences how we feel and think ab their character
we see what we wanna see
looking up to someone
halo effect
what is the problem with a case study
it doesn’t apply to a widespread population
a learned drive
ex. money, pride, fame, etc
secondary drive
theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy growth
emphasize the way people strive for self determination and self realization
humanistic theorists
what was carl rogers idea of self actualization
you need to have acceptance, genuineness, and empathy
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question who am i
self concept
people are basically good and are endowed with self actualizing tendencies
carl rogers theory on personality
a caring accepting nonjudgmental attitude that carl rogers believed would help with self awareness and self acceptance
unconditional positive regard
a statistical procedure that identifies factors of test items that tap basic components of a trait
factor analysis
the most widely used of personality tests
was developed to identify emotional disorders but also assesses personality traits
minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)
CANOE
conscientiousness
agreeableness
neuroticism
opened
extraversion
our feelings of high or low self worth
self esteem
a projective test in which people express their inner feeling and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
thematic apperception test (TAT)
seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots
rorschach ink blot test
is responsible for instaneous emotional response (fear rage etc)
amygdala
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
motivation
the capacity to influence others even when they try to resist
angiotensin
involves learning and memory
regulates the stress response
hippocampus
what are the 5 psychological perspectives
biological(genetics)
psychodynamic(influence of unconscious motivation)
behavioral
cognitive(learning and memory)
humanistic
how is low self efficiency and internal locus of control related
low self efficiency will cause low locus of control(how much control u feel u have over a situation)
states that the more a person experiences fear the less the fear affects them
opponent process theory
deciding to do something because your interested
intrinsic motivation
deciding to do something because your told to do it
extrinsic motivation
