unit 3 part 2 Flashcards
at the base of the brain stem
responsible for life maintaining processes like breathing and heart beat
triggers vomiting and sneezing
medulla
part of pons
controls arousal and consciousness sleep and wake cycle
damage can cause coma
reticular formation
sits on top of the brain stem
the brains sensory control center
incoming sensory info is received in this and sent to cortex for processing
thalamus
sits behind the top portion of the brain stem
involved in fine motor control such as handwriting coordination posture and balance
damage can cause problems with balance coordination and judging distances
cerebellum
helps with remembering skills
cerebellum
helps stow info into long term memory
stores spatial memory (navigation and location of objects)
one of the first brain regions affected by alzheimer’s disease
hippocampus
regulates the autonomic nervous system(bodily organs and glands)
monitors and regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, and sexual responses
hormones alert this of bodily states
directs other glands to release hormones in response
hypothalamus
regulates feelings of hunger
damage can cause you to never feel hungry
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
regulates feelings of fullness
damage can cause you to never feel full
ventromedial hypothalamus (VH)
the wrinkled outer portion of the brain
wrinkles allow more tissue to be packed into a smaller area
contains a left and right hemisphere
each hemisphere has 4 lobes separated by fissures(deep folds)
cerebral cortex
executive functions are judgment planning reasoning problem solving and involved in personality
helps with moral judgment
people with damage to this can lose moral compass and display violent or offensive behavior
frontal lobes prefrontal cortex
located in the rear of FL and controls voluntary movement
frontal lobes motor cortex
involved in speech production located in left frontal lobe next to motor cortex
brocas area
damage to broca causes difficulty producing speech sentences are simple this is called
brocas aphasia
processes sensory signals from the body(touch pressure temperature and pain)
helps with spatial orientation (where u are located / what position u are in)
parietal lobes
registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
sits directly behind the motor cortex
parietal lobes somatosensory cortex
involved in the comprehension and understanding of written and spoken language
wernicke’s area
difficulty expressing and understanding written and spoken words/sentences
wernicke’s aphasia
large band of neural fibers that connect the right and left hemispheres
allows both hemispheres to communicate with each other
corpus callosum
records brains electrical activity
waves measured by electrodes placed on scalp
helps identify seizures and abnormalities in brain activity
EEG (electroencephalogram)
examines brain function by observing the amount of metabolic activity in different brain regions
measures glucose absorption after injection with radioactive isotope
shows which brain regions are active at the time
PET scan (positron emission tomography)
examines brain structure by using x rays
yields info about the exact shape and position of structures
can help diagnose tumors
CT scan
assembles picture of brain using strong magnetic pulses
can show healthy tissue tumors tissue degeneration and blood clots or leaks that may signal strokes
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
examines brain function by measuring blood flow and oxygen use within the brain
much more precise than PET scans
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
