unit 7 cognition Flashcards
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli
quick mental image
iconic memory
a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli
recalling sounds from 3-4 seconds even when attention is elsewhere
echoic memory
explicit memory of facts and general knowledge
semantic memory
explicit memory of personally experienced events
episodic memory
part of brain that stores episodic/semantic
frontal lobe + hippocampus
activation(often unconsciously) of certain associations which affects one’s perception memory or response
priming
cues and contexts specific to a particular memory with help us recall it
encoding specificity principle
our tendency to recall the best, last(recency effect), and first(primary effect) items on a list
serial position effect
prior learning disrupts your recall of new info
proactive interference
new learning disrupts recall of old info
retroactive inference
all mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating
cognition
the ability to consider many different options and to think in novel ways
divergent thinking
being driven more by interest
intrinsic motivation
similar thinking strategy(short cut) allows us to make judgements/ solve problems faster
heuristics
seek evidence for our ideas more eagerly than we seek evidence against them
confirmation bias
which part of the brain is activated during a scary experience
amygdala
our tendency to approach a problem with the mind set of what has worked for us previously
mental set
estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes(causes us to ignore other relevant info)
representativeness heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
if instances come readily we presume their common
availability heuristic
smallest distinctive sound units in language
ex that has 3
th, a, t
phonemes
smallest language units that carry meaning
every word contains one or more of this
morphemes
the correct way to string words together to form a sentence
syntax
two word sentences
go car
telegraphic speech
language controls the way we think and interpret the world around us
whorfs idea linguistic determinism
designed fair and unbiased intelligence tests to measure mental age of children in which level of performance is typically associated with chronological age
alfred binet
i encoding something based on how it relates to u type of deep processing
self referent processing
knowing the answer but not being able to retrieve it
tip of the tongue phenomenon
independent variable
what’s being changed
randomly assigning people to the control group or experimental group
random assignment
repeating items over and over to maintain them in short term memory
ex. repeating phone number until u dial it
maintenance rehearsal
our overall impression of a person influences how we feel and think ab their character
we see what we wanna see
the halo effect
a mnemonic device where items to be remembered are converted into mental images and associated with specific positions/locations
method of loci
type of research that looks at the relationships between two or more variables
correlational study
takes sensory info and makes it into something meaningful it’s how u interpret sensory info
perception
the minimum difference needed to detect two stimuli are different
difference threshold
what would someone be looking for when conducting a longitude study
to detect and changes in individuals that might occur over a period of time
when u see an image that has missing parts ur brain fills in the blanks so i can recognize it
gestalt theory
misunderstanding of correlational studies
something can have 100% positive correlation with something else but it’s not always the cause
the variable being tested and measured in an experiment
dependent variable
