unit 4 Flashcards
bottom up processing
starts at your sensory receptors and works up to higher levels of processing
top down processing
constructs perceptions by drawing on your experiences and expectations this is how u interpret
receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
sensation
the brain organizes and interprets sensory input
perception
predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background noise
signal detection theory
for an average person to perceive a difference, two stimuli. must differ by a constant minimum percentage
weber law
a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not the other
affects top down what we hear taste feel and see
perceptual set
wavelength
the distance from one wave peak to the next
the number of wavelengths that can pass a point in a given time
frequency
the height from peak to trough
amplitude
light enters the eyes through the _____ which bends light to help provide focus
cornea
after the cornea the light passes through a small adjustable opening called
pupil
surrounds the pupil and controls its size is the _____ a colored muscle that dilates or constricts in response to light sensitivity
iris
after it passes the pupil light hits the transparent ____ in your eye which focuses the light rays into an image on your retina
lens
a multilayered tissue on the eyeballs sensitive inner surface that contains receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the process of visual info
retina
retinal receptors that detect black white and gray and are sensitive to movement
rods
retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in the daylight detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
cones
the nerve that carrie’s neural impulses from the eye to the brain made of retinal ganglion cells
optic nerve
an organized whole
gesalt
a depth cue such as retinal disparity that depends on the use of two eyes
binocular cues
a depth cue such as interposition or linear perspective available to either eye alone
monocular cues
an object whose snape cannot change seems to change because of the angle but we still know it’s the same object because of
shape constancy
the height/amplitude determines their perceived_____
the length/frequency determines the _____
loudness
pitch(the high or low tone)
the shorter the wavelength the ____ the frequency
higher
the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass onto the brain
gate control theory
monitors your head’s position and movement
vestibular sense
staring at a certain color like green for a while the look at a white paper and you see the opponent color like red
afterimage
a problem the cells called cones causes
color blindness
when we respond to an old
stimulus as if it were new again
dishabituation
process that allows an individual focus on
one thing while other things are happening
selective attention
