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Psych > Unit 7- Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Unit 7- Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

sensation

A

the process of how our receptors receive and represent information

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2
Q

sensory receptors

A

sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli

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3
Q

perception

A

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

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4
Q

bottom up processing

A

begins at your sensory receptors and makes it’s way up to the other levels of processing

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5
Q

top down processing

A

makes perceptions from both sensory input and past experiences, can often be wrong

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6
Q

selective attention

A

when awareness focuses on a singular part of any experience

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7
Q

cocktail party effect

A

the ability to listen to one voice in a sea of many

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8
Q

inattentional blindness

A

the blindness of millions of visual stimuli to not overwhelm our minds

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8
Q

change blindness

A

failure to notice a change in environment

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9
Q

signal detection theory

A

predicts when we will detect certain signals

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9
Q

transduction

A

translation of physical energy into electrochemical energy for processing

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10
Q

absolute threshold

A

the minimum stimulation necessary to detect something

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11
Q

subliminal

A

stimuli that are below your threshold

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12
Q

difference threshold

A

the minimum stimulus difference a person can detect half of the time

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13
Q

priming

A

an unconscious preparation

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14
Q

Weber’s Law

A

for two stimuli to be different there has a to be a certain percentage difference

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15
Q

sensory adaptation

A

When constantly exposed to unchanging stimuli we become less aware of it

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16
Q

wavelength

A

the distance of one wave peak to another

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17
Q

cornea

A

the clear outer layer of the eye

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17
Q

hue

A

color we experience

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18
Q

retina

A

a multilayered tissue on the eyes inner surface

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19
Q

intensity

A

amount of energy a wave contains

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20
Q

iris

A

a colored muscle that dilates or contracts due to intensity

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21
Q

lens

A

transparent focuser

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22
pupil
a small adjustable opening
23
fovea
point of central focus
24
accommodations
when the lens changes the color and focus of waves
25
rods
retinal receptors for black, white, grey, movement, peripheral and twilight vision
26
cones
retinal receptors for daytime and color sensations, only behind the fovea
27
blindspot
a place in your eye with no receptor cells
27
light path
cornea → pupil →lens → retina
28
optic nerve
where the axons twine together
29
trichromatic theory (Young and Helmholtz)
the retina contains three color receptors red, green and blue
30
parallel processing
processing multiple things at once
30
opponent processing theory
color depends if the red green, blue yellow, or white black process in the retina
31
feature detectors
nerve cells in the occipital lobes (visual cortex) that respond to a scenes edges, lines, angles and movements
32
audition
the act of hearing
33
amplitude
height of sound waves, determines loudness
34
frequency
the length of sound waves and determines the pitch (high or low tone)
35
cochlea
receives the transitions, is snail shaped, inside the inner ear, the vibrations open the oval windows and fluids ripple the basilar membrane which bends the hair cells on its surface
35
decibels
how sound amplitude is measured
36
eardrum
a tight membrane in the ear where sound waves first strike
37
middle ear
a piston made of three tiny bones, the hammer, anvil and stirrup, which picks up vibrations and transmits them
38
auditory nerve
where axons converge to carry the message to the thalamus then to the auditory cortex in the brains temporal lobe
39
sensorial hearing loss (nerve deafness)
caused by damage to the hair cells or auditory nerve
40
conduction hearing loss
caused by damage to the eardrum and middle ear bones
41
cochlear implant
a device that converts sound into electrical signals that stimulate the auditory nerve
41
tactile sense
our sense of touch
42
endorphins
a brains natural pain killer
43
gateway theory of control
it suggests the spinal cord has a neurological gate the controls the transition of pain to the brain
43
phantom limb sensation
when a limb is amputated you can feel pain where there shouldn't be with incorrect CNS input
44
placebos
fake thoughts that convince your body it's ok
45
gustation
our sense of taste
46
olfaction
the experience of smell
47
kinesthesia
our bodies movement sense
48
vestibular sense
our sense of body movement in balance
49
sensory interaction
one sense influencing another
50
Megurk effect
when our eyes see one sound our ear hears another so the brain blends them together
51
embodied cognition
the influence of body sensations, and gestures on cognitive preferences or judgments
52
gestalt
a form or whole of sensation clusters
53
figure ground
the ability to separate faces from their backgrounds
54
grouping
the tendency to organize randomness
55
proximity
we group nearby figures
56
continuity
we perceive smooth continuous patterns
57
closure
we fill in gaps
58
visual cliff
a model of a cliff with a drop off area that was fake, they then tried to coax 8 months old into going off but they would not
58
depth perception
the ability to see three dimensions despite the eye receiving two dimensions
59
retinal disparity
your brain compares images with both eyes to see distance
60
binocular cues
a depth cue that relies of the use of two eyes
61
monocular cues
depth cues available to each eye separately
62
relative height
we perceive objects higher up as further away
63
relative size
if two objects are similar in size then the one that has a smaller retinal image seem further away
64
interposition
if one object is blocking another it seems closer
65
linear perspective
parallel lines appear to meet in the distance, the sharper the angle of convergence the greater the perceived distance
65
relative motion
while moving still objects may seem to move
66
motion perception
the ability to correctly perceive approaching objects
66
light and shadow
shading creates a sense of depth
67
stroboscopic motion
perceives a rapid series of images varying as continuous movement
68
phi phenomenon
an illusion of movement when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off quickly
69
perceptual adaptation
the ability to adjust to changed sensory input
70
perceptual set
a set of mental predispostion to see on thing and not the other (fox,owl,turkey, d?ck vs. bob, tom, bill, d?ck)
71
context
what is surrounding us that affects our thinking
72
extra sensory perception (ESP)
the idea that perception can happen without sensory input
73
telepathy
mind to mind connection
74
clairvoyance
perceiving remote events in another state
75
precognition
perceiving future events
76
parapsychology
the study of paranormal phenomena

Psych (10 decks)

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