Unit 4- Motivation, Emotion, Stress and Health

Question 1

Instinct theory

Answer 1

genetic tendencies as the source of our motivations

Question 2

Drive Reduction theory

Answer 2

physiological need creates a drive that motivates us to satisfy the need (we need water so the motivated state that tells we are thirsty so we drink water)

Question 3

Incentive theory

Answer 3

positive or negative external stimulus that motivates our behavior

Question 4

Arousal theory

Answer 4

when homeostasis is satisfied, we look for other ways to experience stimulation. when bored with homeostasis and we want stimuli

Question 5

Yerkes Dodson law

Answer 5

performance increases with arousal up to a point, after that, performance decreases. We want moderate arousal for the best performance.

Question 6

Affiliation need

Answer 6

the need to build relationships and to feel a part of a group

Question 7

ostracism

Answer 7

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

Question 8

narcissism

Answer 8

excessive self-love and self absorption

Question 9

achievement motivation

Answer 9

desire for significant accomplishment for mastery skills

Question 10

grit

Answer 10

passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals

Question 11

role of glucose

Answer 11

major source of energy for our body

Question 12

insulin

Answer 12

hormone secreted by the pancreas that contains our blood glucose

Question 13

orexin

Answer 13

hormone that triggers hunger

Question 14

ghrelin

Answer 14

hormone that increases hunger (says “I’m hungry.”)

Question 15

leptin

Answer 15

hormone that decreases appetite

Question 16

PPY

Answer 16

digestive hormone that tells the brain I’m not hungry

Question 17

lateral hypothalamus

Answer 17

this part of the hypothalamus that says we are hungry

Question 18

ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 18

this area of the hypothalamus that tells us we are full

Question 19

James-Lange theory of emotion

Answer 19

physiological response comes first and triggers emotion
(see stimuli - body reacts - emotion)

Question 20

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

Answer 20

two reactions - emotion and reaction happen separately and simultaneously

Question 21

Schachter two factor

Answer 21

see stimulus and body reacts - then give conscious label then there’s emotion

Question 22

Spillover effect

Answer 22

(ties to two factor) arousal can spill over into a new event
when really sad you can become mad –emotion spillover into a new emotion

Question 23

Zajonc and Ledoux

Answer 23

sometimes we react because they stimulus goes straight to the amygdala then we react; don’t have time to think

jump at loud noise, wince at pain

Question 24

facial feedback effect

Answer 24

facial muscle states to trigger corresponding emotions

when happy we smile and smiling makes us happier

Question 25

behavior feedback effect

Answer 25

tendency of behavior to influence our own and others thoughts, feelings, and actions

Walking with head high and long strides will put you in a better mood

Question 26

stress

Answer 26

process by which we perceive and respond to certain events (stressors) that we see as threatening or challenging

Question 27

approach-approach

Answer 27

decision we face with two things we like

wearing sweatpants or leggings

Question 28

aviodance-avoidance

Answer 28

conflict between two items that are undesirable

washing the dishes or doing laundry

Question 29

approach-avoidance

Answer 29

conflict in which we feel attracted and repelled at the same time

when choosing Ithaca, I wanted to go because of the great exercise program, but was upset that it was d3

Question 30

GAS

Answer 30

body’s response to stress in 3 phases:
phase 1 -alarm reaction: heart rate up, blood to skeletal muscles, faintness of shock

phase 2 -resistance: temp, blood pressure, and breathing are high. adrenal glands release epinephrine and norephrine. ready to meet the challenge

phase 3 - exhaustion: become more vulnerable to illness or in extreme cases, collapse and death

Question 31

tend and befriend response

Answer 31

under stress people often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others (support groups, covid, etc)

Question 32

type A v. type B

Answer 32

type A people: more competitive, harding driving, impatient, verbally aggressive and anger prone

type B people: easy going and relaxed

Question 33

optimistic v. pessimistic explanatory style

Answer 33

optimists: believe they have control and cope better with stressful events. have a more positive outlook

pessimists: expect things to go badly snf believe there was nothing they can do about a situation that went poorly

Question 34

feel good, do good phenom

Answer 34

our tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

Question 35

set point

Answer 35

the point where your “weight thermostat” is set. body tries to maintain current body weight (no matter what)

Question 36

Lazarus theory of emotion

Answer 36

cognition is part of every emotional experience even without conscious awareness (memories, expectations, etc define how we feel about a situation)