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Psych > Unit 6- Development > Flashcards

Unit 6- Development Flashcards

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1
Q

schemas

A

concepts or mental groupings where we place our experiences

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2
Q

Assimilation

A

new concepts are placed into existing schemas

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3
Q

Accommodation

A

new experiences create the need for new schemas

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4
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

From birth to age 2, babies take in the world through their senses

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5
Q

object permanence

A

the awareness of objects even when they are not in view

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6
Q

Baby physics

A

infants look longer at seemingly impossible scenes

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7
Q

Baby math

A

they can solely react to a change in numbers

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8
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

able to represent things with words and images, cannot imagine, age 2-6

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9
Q

Lack of conservation

A

the idea of thing staying the same despite a change in shape

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10
Q

Pretend play

A

remembering how to find toys through symbols

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11
Q

Theory of mind

A

The ability to infer others mental states

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12
Q

Egocentric

A

Where kids think the world revolves around them

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13
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

Ages 7-12, understanding the use of materials and can talk with others

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14
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

Age 12-adulthood, abstract thoughts and hypothetical questions form

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15
Q

Vygotsky’s Scaffolding Theory

A

when children grow over time through their own experiences and culture

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16
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

A disorder with social issues and repeated behaviors

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17
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers

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18
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

eight month olds, they greet strangers with fear or reaching out for caretakers (the schemas that are set)

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19
Q

Attachment

A

clinging close to someone you feel keeps you safe

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20
Q

Secure base

A

a certain person or object children are attached to emotionally, distance from it can affect their development

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21
Q

Critical Period

A

an optimal period for development to be manipulated

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22
Q

imprinting

A

a rigid attachment process of the first person or thing seen (not for people)

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23
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Experiment

A

Putting children in their mothers in a lab then adding in a stranger to different scenarios; found secure/insecure attachment

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24
Q

secure attachment

A

a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver

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25
Q

permissive parenting style

A

parents who set few limits and don’t use punishment often

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26
Q

insecure attachment

A

fear of losing parent of guardian, become more clingy and less likely to become independent

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27
Q

temperment

A

a person’s emotional reactivity and intensity

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28
Q

basic trust

A

a sense that the world is predictable and reliable

29
Q

self concept

A

an understanding of who someone is

30
Q

Authoritarian parenting style

A

parents who are coercive, impose rules and make demands

31
Q

Negligent parenting style

A

Parents that are uninvolved and are careless

32
Q

Authoritative parenting style

A

parents that are both demanding and responsive to their children

33
Q

sex

A

your biological status at birth

34
Q

gender

A

cultural expectation of men/women/other

35
Q

relational aggression

A

an act of aggression meant to hurt a relationship or status

36
Q

gender role

A

the social expectations of our behaviors as a man/woman

37
Q

gender identity

A

our personal sense of being male/female/other

38
Q

androgony

A

a mix of male/female roles

38
Q

social learning theory

A

we acquire our identity through imitation when we are young

39
Q

gender typing

A

taking a traditional gender role

40
Q

transgender

A

gender identity which differs from sex

41
Q

adolescence

A

the years between childhood to adulthood

42
Q

puberty

A

time where humans mature sexually

43
Q

moral reasoning

A

the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong

44
Q

preconventional morality

A

self interest, obey rules to avoid punishment and to gain rewards (before age 9)

45
Q

conventional morality

A

upholds laws and rules to gain social approval (early childhood)

46
Q

post conventional morality

A

actions reflect beliefs in basic rights and self defined ethical principles (childhood-beyond)

47
Q

moral intuition

A

quick gut feelings for moral judgement

48
Q

Walter Mischel

A

a psychologist who conducted the marshmallow experiment (delayed gratification)

49
Q

delayed gratification

A

Self-Discipline for the greater good of yourself

50
Q

identity

A

the self definition of oneself

51
Q

social identity

A

the group that we identity ourselves with

52
Q

intimacy

A

the ability to form close emotional bonds

53
Q

emerging adulthood

A

a time from 18-25 years where humans begin to take on adult responsibilities and independence

54
Q

X chromosome

A

contributed by the mother

55
Q

Y chromosome

A

received from the father determines the sex

56
Q

testosterone

A

the main androgen for men

57
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

reproductive organs and genitalia develop.

58
Q

secondary characteristics

A

breasts, hips, facial and genital hair develop.

59
Q

spermarche

A

first ejaculation often in a wet dream by 14

60
Q

menarche

A

first period for a woman usually by 12.5

61
Q

intersex

A

individuals born with a combo of x and y chromosomes that are unusual.

62
Q

sexual orientation

A

the direction of sexual interest.

63
Q

menopause

A

around 50 years of age, menstrual cycle ends

64
Q

cross sectional studies

A

comparing people of different ages

65
Q

longitudinal studies

A

restudying the same people over a period of time

66
Q

neurocognitive disorder

A

a series of small strokes that damage the brain

67
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

a progressive decline in memory beginning around 75.

68
Q

social clock

A

the culturally preferred time of larger life events such as marriage and childbirth

Psych (10 decks)

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