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Unit 6- Development Flashcards

1
Q

schemas

A

concepts or mental groupings where we place our experiences

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2
Q

Assimilation

A

new concepts are placed into existing schemas

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3
Q

Accommodation

A

new experiences create the need for new schemas

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4
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

From birth to age 2, babies take in the world through their senses

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5
Q

object permanence

A

the awareness of objects even when they are not in view

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6
Q

Baby physics

A

infants look longer at seemingly impossible scenes

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7
Q

Baby math

A

they can solely react to a change in numbers

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8
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

able to represent things with words and images, cannot imagine, age 2-6

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9
Q

Lack of conservation

A

the idea of thing staying the same despite a change in shape

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10
Q

Pretend play

A

remembering how to find toys through symbols

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11
Q

Theory of mind

A

The ability to infer others mental states

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12
Q

Egocentric

A

Where kids think the world revolves around them

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13
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

Ages 7-12, understanding the use of materials and can talk with others

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14
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

Age 12-adulthood, abstract thoughts and hypothetical questions form

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15
Q

Vygotsky’s Scaffolding Theory

A

when children grow over time through their own experiences and culture

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16
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

A disorder with social issues and repeated behaviors

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17
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers

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18
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

eight month olds, they greet strangers with fear or reaching out for caretakers (the schemas that are set)

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19
Q

Attachment

A

clinging close to someone you feel keeps you safe

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20
Q

Secure base

A

a certain person or object children are attached to emotionally, distance from it can affect their development

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21
Q

Critical Period

A

an optimal period for development to be manipulated

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22
Q

imprinting

A

a rigid attachment process of the first person or thing seen (not for people)

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23
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Experiment

A

Putting children in their mothers in a lab then adding in a stranger to different scenarios; found secure/insecure attachment

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24
Q

secure attachment

A

a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver

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25
permissive parenting style
parents who set few limits and don't use punishment often
26
insecure attachment
fear of losing parent of guardian, become more clingy and less likely to become independent
27
temperment
a person's emotional reactivity and intensity
28
basic trust
a sense that the world is predictable and reliable
29
self concept
an understanding of who someone is
30
Authoritarian parenting style
parents who are coercive, impose rules and make demands
31
Negligent parenting style
Parents that are uninvolved and are careless
32
Authoritative parenting style
parents that are both demanding and responsive to their children
33
sex
your biological status at birth
34
gender
cultural expectation of men/women/other
35
relational aggression
an act of aggression meant to hurt a relationship or status
36
gender role
the social expectations of our behaviors as a man/woman
37
gender identity
our personal sense of being male/female/other
38
androgony
a mix of male/female roles
38
social learning theory
we acquire our identity through imitation when we are young
39
gender typing
taking a traditional gender role
40
transgender
gender identity which differs from sex
41
adolescence
the years between childhood to adulthood
42
puberty
time where humans mature sexually
43
moral reasoning
the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong
44
preconventional morality
self interest, obey rules to avoid punishment and to gain rewards (before age 9)
45
conventional morality
upholds laws and rules to gain social approval (early childhood)
46
post conventional morality
actions reflect beliefs in basic rights and self defined ethical principles (childhood-beyond)
47
moral intuition
quick gut feelings for moral judgement
48
Walter Mischel
a psychologist who conducted the marshmallow experiment (delayed gratification)
49
delayed gratification
Self-Discipline for the greater good of yourself
50
identity
the self definition of oneself
51
social identity
the group that we identity ourselves with
52
intimacy
the ability to form close emotional bonds
53
emerging adulthood
a time from 18-25 years where humans begin to take on adult responsibilities and independence
54
X chromosome
contributed by the mother
55
Y chromosome
received from the father determines the sex
56
testosterone
the main androgen for men
57
primary sex characteristics
reproductive organs and genitalia develop.
58
secondary characteristics
breasts, hips, facial and genital hair develop.
59
spermarche
first ejaculation often in a wet dream by 14
60
menarche
first period for a woman usually by 12.5
61
intersex
individuals born with a combo of x and y chromosomes that are unusual.
62
sexual orientation
the direction of sexual interest.
63
menopause
around 50 years of age, menstrual cycle ends
64
cross sectional studies
comparing people of different ages
65
longitudinal studies
restudying the same people over a period of time
66
neurocognitive disorder
a series of small strokes that damage the brain
67
Alzheimer's disease
a progressive decline in memory beginning around 75.
68
social clock
the culturally preferred time of larger life events such as marriage and childbirth

Psych (10 decks)

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